The Influence of Concomitant Use of Alcohol, Tobacco, Cocaine and Anabolic Steroids on Lipid Profiles of Brazilian Recreational Bodybuilders / Paulo Adriano Schwingel, Cláudio Cesar Zoppi, Helma Pinchemel Cotrim. - (Substance Use & Misues 49 (2014) 9 (July); p. 1115-1125)
- PMID: 24766402
- DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2014.903753
Abstract
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are used to enhance physical performance and/or appearance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the concomitant use of alcohol, tobacco, cocaine, and AAS on blood lipid profiles of 145 asymptomatic male bodybuilders from the Northeast region of Brazil. Interviews, clinical exams, and serological evaluations were performed on all participants between 2007 and 2009. All subjects' self-reported use of testosterone or its derivatives, 118 individuals reported alcohol intake, 27-reported cigarette smoking, and 33 confirmed cocaine use. Four subjects were users of all drugs at the same time. Higher levels of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were observed among concomitant users of alcohol, tobacco, cocaine, and AAS.
