Androgen abuse epidemiology

Androgen abuse epidemiology / Dominic Sagoe, Ståle Pallesen. - (Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity 25 (2018) 3 (June); p. 185-194)

  • PMID: 29369917
  • DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000403


Abstract

Purpose of review: To systematically review current epidemiological literature on androgen abuse. Estimates from 32 empirical epidemiological articles were reviewed.

Recent findings: Generally, androgen abuse epidemiology and prevalence is higher in Europe, the Middle East, North America (the USA), Oceania (Australia and New Zealand), and South America (Brazil) and lower in Africa and Asia. In contrast to the general population, androgen abuse epidemiology and prevalence is higher among athletes, injection drug users, recreational sportspeople, and sexual and gender minorities.

Summary: From the 1970s, androgen abuse spread from athletes into the general population. Consistent with previous evidence, reviewed studies suggest that androgen abuse epidemiology and prevalence is higher in Western cultural contexts, the Middle East, and South America (Brazil) and lower in Africa and Asia. Evidence also corroborates indications that androgen abuse is less prevalent among women (vs. men), and in the general population in contrast to particular subpopulations consisting of athletes, injection drug users, recreational sportspeople, and sexual and gender minorities. Adolescents' androgen abuse should be of special concern. Androgen abuse in some nonsports occupations (e.g. security workers) requires further exploration. Polypharmacy and the Internet proliferation of androgens and other PIEDs require surveillance for prevention and harm reduction.

Original document

Parameters

Science
Review
Date
1 June 2018
People
Pallesen, Ståle
Sagoe, Dominic
Country
Norway
Language
English
Other organisations
Universitetet i Bergen - University of Bergen
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S1. Anabolic Agents
Medical terms
Substance use research
Various
Gym/fitness environment
Prevalence
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Pdf file
Date generated
23 September 2020
Date of last modification
24 September 2020
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