Development of moral disengagement and self-regulatory efficacy assessments relevant to doping in sport and exercise / D. Boardley, Alan L. Smith, John Mills, Jonathan Grix, Ceri Wynne, Luke Wilkins
- Psychology of Sport and Exercise 36 (May 2018), p. 57-70
- DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.01.007
Abstract
Objectives
To develop Moral Disengagement (MD) and Self-Regulatory Efficacy (SRE) instruments relevant to doping in sport and exercise and provide evidence for the validity and reliability of instrument scores.
Design
Cross-sectional, correlational.
Methods
Data were collected from male and female team- and individual-sport athletes and corporate- and bodybuilding-gym exercisers. Two samples (nsample 1 = 318; nsample 2 = 300) were utilized in instrument development and score validation and another (nsample 3 = 101) in examining test-retest reliability and stability of scores. Samples 1 and 2 responded to the newly developed items alongside others assessing theoretically-related variables, whereas Sample 3 completed the new instruments on two separate occasions.
Results
Factor analyses identified the final items and dimensional structures for the Doping Moral Disengagement Scale (DMDS), Doping Moral Disengagement Scale–Short (DMDS–S) and Doping Self-Regulatory Efficacy Scale (DSRES). The DMDS has six lower- and one higher-order factor, whereas the DMDS-S and DSRES are unidimensional. These structures were invariant by sex and sport/exercise context. Evidence supporting external validity, test-retest reliability, and stability of scores was also provided.
Conclusion
This research developed and provided evidence of score validity and internal consistency for three instruments relevant to doping in sport and exercise.
