Cholestasis produced by the administration of norethandrolone / Fenton Schaffner, Hans Popper, Eugene Chesrow. - (American Journal of Medicine 26 (1959) 2 (1 February); p. 249-254)

• PMID: 13617282
• DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(59)90314-6

Norethandrolone was administered to 27 patients for three to five weeks. Liver biopsies were performed before and after administration of the drug. Histologic evidence of cholestasis was found in four patients. In each of these instances the serum glutamic oxalacetic-transaminase activity increased above 150 units from normal levels. In one patient severe jaundice developed which lasted ten weeks. The remaining patients tolerated the drug well and gained weight. In a control group of 28 patients receiving a tranquilizing drug and similarly studied no instances of cholestasis were found.
Inflammatory reaction in the portal tracts and around proliferated ductules (cholangiolitis) was not associated with the cholestasis although it was present in some patients before and after administration of norethandrolone.

Doping of athletes / O.D. Ratnoff, A.A. Miles. - (British Medical Journal (1964) 2 (29 August); p. 525)

• PMID: 14173180
• PMCID: PMC1816178
• DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5408.525

With the Tokyo Olympics in mind, the British Association of Sport and Medicine has issued a policy statement on the doping of athletes and sportsmen, which, it states, is being sent to " all the governing bodies of sport." A major difficulty in drafting such a statement is the definition of what, in this context, constitutes "doping."

Resolution of the Committee of Ministers on the Doping of Athletes / Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe. - Strasbourg : Council of Europe (CoE), 1967. - (Council of Europe Resolution (67) 12; 29 June 1967)

The Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, Recommends on 29 June 1967 the Governments of member States:

1.) to persuade the sports associations and federations which organise competitions in their territory to take action if necessary with their international federations and, if they have not already done so, to issue regulations:
- (a) condemning the use, or procedures to facilitate the use, in preparation for or during a sports competition, of the substances or processes employed for doping as defined in the Preamble to this Recommendation;
- (b) penalising offenders by prohibiting them, temporarily or permanently, from taking part in, organising or acting in an official capacity at any sports competition;
- (c) applying the regulations to any person who, in another member State, has been penalised in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (b) above;
2.) to take the appropriate measures at their disposal to achieve the objectives set forth in paragraph 1 above, if the regulations referred to in that paragraph have not, within three years from the date of this Recommendation, been issued or effectively applied.

The Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe Invites the Governments of member States to keep it informed of action taken by them to implement this Recommendation.

1968 List of Prohibited Classes of Substances and Prohibited Methods / IOC Medical Commission. – Lausanne : International Olympic Committee (IOC), 1968. – (Newsletter (1968) 5 (Février-February) ; p. 47, 71-73)

Under the chairmanship of Prince Alexandre de Mérode, the IOC Medical Commission has on one hand carried out its work in Grenoble and on the other hand brought about certain changes in the rules concerning the doping and sex tests.

The IOC Medical Commission is composed of the following members:

- Prince Alexandre de Mérode - Chairman (IOC)
- Mr. A. Csanadi, Vice - Chairman (IOC)
- Dr. A. Dirix (Belgium)
- Prof. L. Prokop (Austria)
- Prof. C. La Cava (Italy)
- Prof. A. Beckett (Great Britain)
- Dr. P. van Dijk (Netherlands)
- Dr. E. Hay (Mexico)
- Dr. Thiébault (Org. Com. of Xth Olympic Winter Games)

These are the modifications made to the tests which up to now have been in force.

DOPING

1) Modifications of the sanctions (I.O.C. Rules and Regulations p.46 "Doping") are as follows:

Exclusion from the Olympic Games

- The athlete who, in an individual sport, has been shown to have used dope is excluded from the Olympic Games.
- In team sport: the team of an athlete who has been shown to have used dope is excluded, if the team can benefit from this usage.

In those sports (gymnastics, modern pentathlon) where the team can no longer participate because of the disqualification of one athlete, the remainder of the team will be able to take part on an individual basis.

- The athlete who does not attend for the control will be disqualified.

2) The control will be carried out according to the most modern and appropriate methods and at the discretion of the Medical Commission in consultation with the I.F.S. concerned.

3) The list of products has been definitively fixed for the Grenoble Games as follows:

A.) Sympathomimetic Amines (e.g. amphetamine), ephedrine and similar substances,
B.) Stimulants of the central nervous system (strychnine) and analeptics,
C.) Narcotics and analgesics (e.g. morphine), similar substances ,
D.) Anti-depressants (e.g. IMAO), imipramine and similar substances,
E.) Major tranquillisers (e.g. Phenothiazine).

Information selected from the original document:

Lettre d’information Newsletter (1968) 5 (Février / February) ; p. 47-80)

Source: Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library

Link: https://doc.rero.ch/record/235513/files/1968%20-%20N%C2%B05%20-%20Olympic%20Review.pdf

1972 List of Prohibited Classes of Substances and Prohibited Methods / IOC Medical Commission. – Munich : International Olympic Committee (IOC), 1971

Published by the Medical Commission of the International Olympic Committee in cooperation with the Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXth Olympiad Munich 1972 and the XIth Olympic Winter Games Sapporo 1972.

The IOC Medical Commission approved the list of doping substances at its meeting in Munich on 19th May, 1971.

List of Doping Substances

a) Psychomotor stimulant drugs, e.g.
- amphetamine
- benzphetamine
- cocaine
- diethylpropion
- dimethylamphetamine
- ethylamphetamine
- fencamfamin
- methyl amphetamine
- methylphenidate
- norpseudoephedrine
- phendimetrazine
- phenmetrazine
- prolintane
- and related compounds
b) Sympathomimatic amines, a. g.
- ephedrine
- methylephedrine
- methoxyphenamine
- and related compounds
c) Miscellaneous central nervous system stimulants, e. g.
- amiphenazole
- bemigride
- leptazol
- nikethamide
- strychnine
- and related compounds
d) Narcotic Analgesics, e.g.
- heroine
- morphine
- methadone
- dextro moramide
- dipipanone
- pethidine
- and related compounds

Selected information from the original document:

Doping / IOC Medical Commission. - Lausanne : International Olympic Committee (IOC), 1972. - p. 3, 42

Source: Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library

Anabolic steroids: the physiological effects of placebos / Gideon Ariel, William Saville. - Medicine and Science in Sports 4 (1972) 2; p. 124-126)

ABSTRACT.

Fifteen male varsity athletes were informed that some of them would be selected to receive an anabolic steroid (Dianabol). Instead, six selected subjects were given placebo pills. Taking the placebo apparently supplied the psychological inducement to increase strength gains above and beyond reasonable progression. Greater training gains were made during the placebo period in three out of four weight lifting exercises. The gains were statitsically significant when comparing the two regression lines for the pte-placebo and placebo periods.

This study is one of three in an investigation of the short and long term effects of an anabolic steroid (Dianabol) upon human performance.

Response to exercise after blood loss and reinfusion / B. Ekblom, A.N. Goldbarg, B. Gullbring. - (Journal of Applied Physiology 33 (1972) 2 (August); p. 175-180)

• PMID: 5054420
• DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1972.33.2.175

1976 List of Prohibited Classes of Substances and Prohibited Methods / IOC Medical Commission. – International Olympic Committee (IOC), 1975

Published by the Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXI Olympiad Montréal 1976 and the XII Olympic Winter Games lnnsbruck 1976 with the collaboration and approval of the Medical Commission of the International Olympic Committee.

List of doping substances

a) Psychomotor stimulant drugs eg.
- amphetamine
- benzphetamine
- cocaine
- diethylpropion
- dimethylamphetamine
- ethylamphetamine
- fencamfamin
- methylamphetamine
- methylphenidate
- norspeudoephedrine
- phendimetrazine
- phenmetrazine
- prolintane
- and related compounds

b) Sympathomimetic amines e.g.
- ephedrine
- methylephedrine
- methoxyphenamine
- and related compounds

c) Miscellaneous central nervous system stimulants e.g.
- amiphenazole
- bemigride
- leptazol
- nikethamide
- strychnine
- and related compounds

d) Narcotic analgesics e.g.
- heroin
- morphine
- methadone
- dextromoramide
- dipipanone
- pethidine
- and related compounds

e) Anabolic steroids e.g.
- metandienone
- stanozolol
- oxymetholone
- nandrolone decanoate
- nandrolone phenylpropionate
- and related compounds

Selected information pages 32-35 from the original document:

Jeux de la XXIe olympiade Montréal 1976 : contrôles médicaux du CIO / [publ. par le Comité organisateur des Jeux de la XXIe olympiade Montréal 1976 et des XIIe Jeux olympiques d'hiver Innsbruck 1976] ; [avec la collab. et l'approbation du Comité médical du Comité international olympique] = Games of the XXI olympiad Montréal 1976 : IOC medical controls / [publ. by the Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXI Olympiad Montréal 1976 and the XII Olympic Winter Games Innsbruck 1976] ; [with the collab. and approval of the Medical Commission of the International Olympic Committee]. - [S.l.] : COJO 72 : COJO 76, 1975. - 62 p. : ill.

Source: Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library

The detection of doping agents in blood / Manfred Donike. - (British Journal of Sports Medicine 10 (1976) 3 (1 October); p. 147-154)

• PMID: 11865
• PMCID: PMC1859725
• DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.10.3.147-a

Abstract

Gas chromatographic screening procedures have been evaluated which permit the detection of stimulants and sedatives in blood after administration of pharmacological doses. The techniques actually used in sample preparations and gas chromatographic work are presented as well as examples of pharmacokinetic studies and postive dope cases. The use of sensitive and selective detectors like the nigrogen-specific detector or a mass spectrometer is absolutely essential for routine work, as for non-specific detectors the number of "false positives" leads to an intolerable work load for the laboratory.

Resolution on Ethical and Human Problems in Sport / European Ministers of Sport. - Strasbourg : Council of Europe (CoE), 1978. - (Council of Europe Resolution (78) 3; London, 4-7 April 1978)