iNADO Update #2021-07

5 Jul 2021

iNADO Update (2021) 07 (5 July)
Institute of National Anti-Doping Organisations (iNADO)



Contents:

iNADO Community

  • Drug Free Sport New Zealand supported to deal with new Doping Challenges
  • Germany adds Leniency Program to Anti-Doping Law
  • Annual Reports 2020
  • WADA invites Stakeholders to nominate Candidates for 2022 Standing Committee Member Vacancies

Bulletin Board

  • iNADO Webinar: Best Practices in Social and Scientific Research with Guest Speakers from PCC and UKAD
  • Interactive Visualization of Capability Register Results v2.0 (Power Bi)
  • Vacany at Commonwealth Games 2022

Athlete's Voice

  • "Anti-Doping can only benefit from independent and professional Athlete Representations"

People

  • Allison Wagner, new Director of Athlete & International Relations of USADA introduces herself
  • Kum Pyoung Kim joins KADA as Secretary-General

Science

  • New Paper investigates Attitudes towards and susceptibility to doping in Spanish Elite and National Standard Track and Field Athletes
  • Autobiographies of Cyclists sanctioned for Performance-Enhancing Drug Use analysed for deceptive Communication Techniques

Practical Development in Anti-Doping

  • WADA announces further Rise in Global Testing Figures in lead-up to Tokyo 2020

Feature of the Month

  • iNADO's #MembersWednesday on Twitter

iNADO Partners & Sponsors

  • New at the Anti-Doping Knowledge Center

Anti-doping knowledge and educational needs of Finnish pharmacists

9 Jul 2021

Anti-doping knowledge and educational needs of Finnish pharmacists / Mikko Lemettilä, Elli Leppä, Marika Pohjanoksa-Mäntylä, Anna Simula, Jukka Koskelo. - (Performance Enhancement & Health (2021) 9 Jyly; 100195)

  • DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2021.100195


Abstract:

Objectives

Pharmacists’ role in health care has evolved towards a more collaborative practice to combat current public health challenges and to support rational use of medicines. Previous literature also demonstrates pharmacists’ emerging role in sports and exercise medicine, including anti-doping and health counselling of athletes. The aim of this study was to assess: 1) What is the pharmacists’ self-assessed knowledge about doping and anti-doping activities? 2) How does the pharmacists’ and pharmacy characteristics effect on the self-assessed knowledge about doping and anti-doping activities? 3) What educational needs do the pharmacists report about doping and anti-doping activities?

Material and Methods

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Finnish pharmacists in 2019. A convenience sampling method was used to reach the target group. The survey consisted of 26 questions considering pharmacists’ perceptions about doping, knowledge, and need for education about the pharmacology of doping agents, anti-doping counselling, and information sources. Descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation with Pearson's χ2 and the Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyse the data.

Results

A total of 246 pharmacy professionals completed a national online survey targeted at pharmacists in Finland. The average age of the respondents was 43 years (SD = 10), where 94% were females and 6% males. Pharmacists reported their self-assessed knowledge on anti-doping counselling to be poor or rather poor. Their highest needs for education were related to nutritional supplements’ doping risks, substances listed as doping agents, their mechanisms of action and purpose of use, and the adverse effects of doping agents and interactions with other medicines. More information was also needed about prohibited substances and methods in sports and doping in recreational sports.

Conclusion

Pharmacists were willing to participate in anti-doping activities, including counselling athletes. However, many pharmacists perceived their knowledge as insufficient and reported educational needs that could be considered in undergraduate and continuing education of pharmacists. Universities, anti-doping organisations, and other related actors in the pharmacy and anti-doping field have an important role in providing more educational opportunities to pharmacists.

Anti-doping and other sport integrity challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic

13 Jul 2021

Anti-doping and other sport integrity challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic / Giscard Lima, Borja Muniz-Pardos, Alexander Kolliari-Turner, Blair Hamilton, Fergus M. Guppy, Gerasimos Grivas, Andrew Bosch, Paolo Borrione, Alessia Di Gianfrancesco, Chiara Fossati, Fabio Pigozzi, Yannis Pitsiladis. - (Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 61 (2021) 8 (August); p. 1173-1183)

  • PMID: 34256541
  • DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.21.12777-X


Abstract

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had an unprecedent impact on the world of sport and society at large. Many of the challenges with respect to integrity previously facing competitive sport have been accentuated further during the pandemic. Threats to the integrity of sporting competition include traditional doping, issues of technological fairness, and integration of transgender and intersex athletes in elite sport. The enforced lull in competitive sport provides an unprecedented opportunity for stakeholders in sport to focus on unresolved integrity issues and develop and implement long-lasting solutions. There needs to be a concerted effort to focus on the many technological innovations accelerated by and perfected during COVID-19 that have enabled us to work from home, such as teaching students on-line, applications for medical advice, prescriptions and referrals, and treating patients in hospitals/care homes via video links and use these developments and innovations to enhance sport integrity and anti-doping procedures. Positive sports integrity actions will require a considered application of all such technology, as well as the inclusion of "omics" technology, big data, bioinformatics and machine learning/artificial intelligence approaches to modernize sport. Applications include protecting the health of athletes, considered non-discriminative integration of athletes into elite sport, intelligent remote testing to improve the frequency of anti-doping tests, detection windows, and the potential combination with omics technology to improve the tests' sensitivity and specificity in order to protect clean athletes and deter doping practices.

CHINADA Annual Report 2020 (China)

14 Jul 2021

CHINADA 2020 Annual Report / China Anti-Doping Agency (CHINADA). - Beijing : CHINADA, 2021

NADA Belarus Annual Report 2020

14 Jul 2021

National Anti-Doping Agency of the Republic of Belarus Annual Report 2020 / National Anti-Doping Agency of the Republic of Belarus (NADA Belarus). - Minsk : NADA Belarus, 2021

JADDP 2020-003 JADA vs J-7980

14 Jul 2021

In March 2021 the Japan Anti-Doping Agency (JADA) has reported an anti-doping rule violation against the boxer J-7980 after his A and B samples tested positive for the prohibited substance Furosemide.

After notification the Athlete admitted the violation, waived his right to be heard, accepted the test result, a provisional suspension and the sanction proposed by JADA.

JADA accepts that the violation was not intentional in this case and decides on 14 July 2021 to impose a 2 year period of ineligibility on the Athlete J-7980, starting on the date of the provisional suspension, i.e. on 25 March 2021.

World Athletics 2021 WA vs Alex Leonardo Quiñonez

14 Jul 2021

In June 2021 the Athletics Integrity Unit (AIU) for World Athletics has reported an anti-doping rule violation agaist the Ecuadorian sprinter Alex Leonardo Quiñonez for his Whereabouts Filing Failures and 3 Missed Tests within a 12 month period.

After notification a provisional suspension was ordered. The Athlete filed a statement with evidence in his defence and he was heard for the World Athletic Disciplinary Tribunal.

The Athlete admitted the violation and explained that his representative Mr Suarez made the entries in ADAMS on his behalf. The Athlete and Mr Suarez testified with evidence that 2 Missed Tests in June 2020 in September 2020 were the result of miscommunication. The failure to update the Athlete's Whereabouts filing beyond 6 May 2021 was only attributed to human error by Mr Suarez and resulted in the 3rd Missed Test on 19 May 2021.

The Sole Arbitrator finds that the Athlete had admitted the violation although he had not caused or contributed to Mr Suarez's human error. Yet the Athlete remains personally responsible for the Missed Test resulting from the Filing Failure as he cannot hide behind the failure of his representative.

Further the Sole Arbitrator considered the Athlete's degree of fault in view of the inexplicable human error made by Mr Suarez and the Athlete's failure to independently check the entries in ADAMS.

Therefore the Sole Arbitrator decides on 14 July 2021 to impose a reduced 12 month period of ineligibility on the Athlete, starting on the date of the provisional suspension, i.e. on 25 June 2021.

ADAK 2021 ADAK vs Selly Jepkemoi Korir

15 Jul 2021

Related case:

ADAK 2017 ADAK vs Selly Jepkurui Korir
October 23, 2019


In September 2017 the Anti-Doping Agency of Keny (ADAK) reported an anti-doping rule violation against the Athlete Selly Jepkurui Korir after her sample tested positive for the prohibited substance Oxycodone. After notification a provisional suspension was ordered.

In this case the Kenya Judiciary Office of the Sports Disputes Tribunal accepted that the violation was not intentional because of the medical treatment she underwent although she acted negligently. Ultimately the Panel decided on 23 October 2019 to impose a 2 year period of ineligibility on the Athlete starting on the date of the provisional suspension, i.e. from 15 September 2017.

During these proceedings ADAK reported that on 30 April 2018 the Athlete had participated in a Marathon in China while she was provisionally suspended for the anti-doping rule violation prior reported in September 2017. After notification in November 2020 again ADAK ordered a provisional suspension.

Hereafter ADAK established that it could not located the Athlete due to she acted evasive, she failed to respond to the communications from ADAK, and failed to attended the hearings of the Sports Disputes Tribunal.

The Tribunal determines that the Athlete was aware that on 23 October 2019 a sanction was imposed for the anti-doping rule violation she had committed and that this sanction had started on the date of the Provisional Suspension, i.e. 15 September 2017 whereas she had participated in a Marathon in China on 30 April 2018.

The Tribunal finds that the Athlete had failed to respond to the charges; failed to demonstrate that the violation was not intentional; knowingly had breached the Provisional Suspension on 30 April 2018; and accordingly had committed a second anti-doping rule violation.

Therefore the Tribunal decides on 15 July 2021 to impose a 4 year period of ineligibility on the Athlete, starting on the date the previous period of ineligibilty shall end.

ADAK 2021 ADAK vs Henry Kiprotich Sang

15 Jul 2021

Related case:

ADAK 2018 ADAK vs Henry Kiprotich Sang
October 11, 2018

On 11 October 2018 the Panel of the Kenya Sports Disputes Tribunal decided to impose a 2 year period of ineligibility on the Athlete Henry Kiprotich Sang after he tested positive for the prohibited substance 19-norandrosterone (Nandrolone).

The Athlete explained with medical information that he underwent treatment in a hospital for his injury and failed to mention to his doctor that he was an Athlete.

Hereafter the Anti-Doping Agency of Kenya (ADAK) established that the medical information provided by the Athlete was forged whereas the Kericho County Referral Hospital confirmed that the Athlete had not been in the hospital for medical treatment in October 2017.

Consequently in October 2018 ADAK reported an anti-doping rule violation against the Athlete for Tampering with any part of the Doping Control. After notification a provisional suspension was ordered and the Athlete filed a statement in his defence.

The Athlete invoked the principles of res judicata and lis pendens as he asserted that in the previous case the matter was already settled while ADAK also had filed a similar case with the Kenya Court in Kericho. The Athlete failed to explain the falsification of medical documents.

The Panel of the Kenya Sports Disputes Tribunal finds that the principle of res judicata is not applicable in this case since the matter of Tampering was not raised in the previous case in 2018. Nor is the principle of lis pendens applicable since the Tribunal has jurisdiction to settle anti-doping rule violations. Yet the Kenya Court in Kericho has jurisdiction to settle the Athlete's crime regarding the falsification of documents.

Considering the evidence in this case the Panel concludes that the Athlete intentionally had produced fraudulent medical records and accordingly committed an anti-doping rule violation for Tampering with any part of the Doping Control. The Panel deems that the Athlete failed to contest the facts of the anti-doping rule violation, neither was demonstrated that the violation was not intentional.

Therefore the Kenya Sports Disputes Tribunal decides on 15 July 2021 to impose a 4 year period of ineligibility on the Athlete, starting on the date of the provisional suspension, i.e. on 22 October 2020.

Depletion of clomiphene residues in eggs and muscle after oral administration to laying hens

15 Jul 2021

Depletion of clomiphene residues in eggs and muscle after oral administration to laying hens / Luisa Seyerlein, Nathalie Gillard, Philippe Delahaut, Gilles Pierret, Andreas Thomas, Mario Thevis. - (Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A (2021) 15 July; p. 1-8)

  • PMID: 34266369
  • DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1949497


Abstract

The selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM) clomiphene is therapeutically used to induce ovulation. While prohibited as a doping agent in sports, it is frequently detected in sports drug testing urine samples. Few reports exist on clomiphene's (illicit) use in the farming industry to increase the egg production rate of laying hens, which creates a risk that eggs as well as edible tissue of these hens contain residues of clomiphene. To investigate the potential transfer of clomiphene into eggs and muscle tissue, laying hens were orally administered with clomiphene citrate at 10 mg/day for 28 days. To determine clomiphene residues in eggs, chicken breast and chicken thigh, the target analyte was extracted from homogenised material with acetonitrile and subjected to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis. The test method reached a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1 µg/kg and was characterised concerning specificity, precision, trueness and linearity. Analyses were performed on whole egg, egg white and yolk separately, and chicken muscle from breast and thigh. Clomiphene was detectable in eggs two days after the beginning of the drug administration period. The drug concentrations increased to 10-20 µg per egg within one week, and after withdrawal of clomiphene, residues decreased after 4 days, but traces of clomiphene were still detectable until the end of the study (14 days after the last administration). In the chicken's muscle tissue, clomiphene levels up to 150 µg/kg (thigh) and 36 µg/kg (breast) were found. Six days after the last dose, tissue clomiphene concentrations fell below the LOQ. Overall, these results underline the concerns that clomiphene may be transferred into animal-derived food and future research will therefore need to focus on assessing and minimising the risk of unintentional adverse analytical findings in doping controls.

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