Facts
The French Federation of Weightlifting, Fitness, Powerlifting and Bodybuilding (Fédération Française d'Halterophilie, Musculation, Force Athlétique et Culturisme, FFHMFAC) charges respondent M02 for a violation of the Anti-Doping Rules. During a bench press contest on April 25, 2009, a sample was taken for doping test purposes. The sample showed the presence of a metabolite of cannabis. Cannabis is a prohibited substance according the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) prohibited list and is regarded as a specified substance.

History
The respondent claims she used the cannabis one year ago, which must have left traces.

Decision
1. The sanction is a six months period of ineligibility in which respondent can't take part in competition or sport manifestations organized or authorized by the FFHMFAC.
2. All the results obtained at the match on April 25, 2009, are cancelled. Medals, points and prizes are withdrawn.
3. The decision starts on the date of notification.
4. The decision will be published and sent to the parties involved.

Facts
The French Basketball Federation (Fédération Française de Basket-Ball, FFBB) charges respondent M01 for a violation of the Anti-Doping Rules. During a match on December 1, 2007, a sample was taken for doping test purposes. The analysis of the sample showed the presence of prednisolone. Prednisolone is a prohibited substance according the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) prohibited list and is regarded as a specified substance.

History
The respondent was treated with an injection in his right ankle, this injection contained the prohibited substance. He has medical statements for this treatment from his physician. There was no intention to enhance his sport performance. An application form for a therapeutic use exemption was sent to the AFLD.

Decision
1. Respondent is acquitted.
2. The decision starts on the date of notification.
3. The decision will be published and sent to the parties involved.

CAS 2009/A/1892 World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) v. Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Italiano (CONI), Ronaldo Sylvester Slay & Guillermo Jose Diaz Gonzalez

• Basketball
• Doping (failure or refusal to submit to doping control
• Insufficient evidence establishing a liability
  
  

“Refusal” or “failure” to submit to doping control or an “otherwise evading a doping control” has not been established according to the applicable comfortable satisfaction standard of proof when the evidence submitted is not sufficient to establish that the athletes were told in an unequivocal and understandable manner not to leave the doping control station so as to enable them to understand that they would be in breach of their duties if they did so.

In November 2008 the Italian National Olympic Committee (CONI) has reported an anti-doping rule violation against the basketball players Ronaldo Slay and Guillermo Diaz Gonzalez for their refusal or failure to submit to sample collection.

Consequently the CONI National Anti-Doping Tribunal decided on 8 May 2009 to impose a 1 month period of ineligibility on the Athletes.

Hereafter WADA appealed the CONI Decision with the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). WADA requested the Panel to set aside the Appealed Decision and to impose a 2 year period of ineligibility on the Athletes.

Following assessment of the evidence in this case the Panel deems that WADA has not succeeded in establishing when and in what form the Athletes were made aware that they were told let alone directed not to leave the anti-doping station in a manner which enabled them to understand that they would be in breach of their duties if they did so.

Furthermore the Panel is not satisfied that even if it were established that the Athletes left the doping control station despite an unequivocal instruction not to do so, the behaviour of the Athletes would constitute a “refusal” or a “failure” or an “otherwise evading” under Article 2.3 of the CONI Anti-Doping Rules.

Therefore the Court of Arbitration for Sport decides on 7 January 2010:

1.) The appeal filed by the World Anti-Doping Agency on 24 June 2009 is dismissed.

2.) The decision issued by the CONI National Anti-Doping Tribunal on 8 May 2009 is upheld.

3.) (…).

4.) All further or other prayers for relief are dismissed.

In October 2009 the Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport (CCES) has reported an anti-doping rule violation against the Athlete after his A and B sample tested positive for the prohibited substance cannabis at a concentration of 30 ng/mL.

The Athlete filed a statement in his defence and was heard for the Tribunal. The Athlete admitted the use of cannabis during the 2009 football season and the night prior to the doping control.
The Tribunal concludes that the Athlete had no intention to enhance his sport performance and used cannabis to deal with the stresses of his life.
Without provisional suspension the Tribunal decides on 4 January 2010 to impose a 4 month period of ineligibility on the Athlete starting on 21 December 2009.

THE 2010 MONITORING PROGRAM*

The following substances are placed on the 2010 Monitoring Program:

1. Stimulants:

In-Competition Only: Bupropion, caffeine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pipradrol, pseudoephedrine (< 150 micrograms per milliliter), synephrine.

2. Narcotics:

In-Competition Only: Morphine/codeine ratio.

* The World Anti-Doping Code (Article 4.5) states: “WADA, in consultation with Signatories and governments, shall establish a monitoring program regarding substances which are not on the Prohibited List, but which WADA wishes to monitor in order to detect patterns of misuse in sport.”

WADA - Play True Magazine
2010, issue 1
Vancouver 2010: WADA’s Olympic and Paralympic Preview
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Content

Editorial
01 Editorial John Fahey
03 Editorial David Howman

Features
05 Vancouver 2010
10 WADA's role at a Glance
13 Olympic Independent Observer Team
15 Olympic Athlete Outreach Team
17 Paralympic Independent Observer Team
18 Paralympic Athlete Outreach Team

VANOC Highlights
19 VANOC’s Anti-Doping Commitment and Programs
20 Joint WADA/VANOC Doping Control Video
21 A State-of-the-Art Anti-Doping Laboratory for the Games

WADA - Play True Magazine
2010, issue 2
Sending the Right Message - Working to Inspire a New Generation
of Athletes and Coaches to Play True
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Content

Editorials
01 Editorial John Fahey
02 Editorial David Howman

Features
03 Challenging Young Athletes to Play True
05 Advancing Social Science Research
08 Play True Generation at the Youth Olympic Games
09 WADA's Say NO! to Doping Program
12 Overview: WADA's Resources for Young People

WADA Updates
14 New Director for WADA’s Latin America Regional Office
14 New Online Anti-Doping Learning Tool for Coaches
15 WADA Programs Slated for upcoming Commonwealth
and Asian Games
15 Joint Declaration with Pharmaceutical Federation
15 WADA on the Web

Stephany RW. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2010;(195):355-67. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-79088-4_16.

In contrast to the use of hormonal doping agents in sports to enhance the performance of athletes, in the livestock industry hormonal growth promoters ("anabolics") are used to increase the production of muscle meat. This leads to international disputes about the safety of meat originating from animals treated with such anabolics.As a consequence of the total ban in the EU of all hormonal active growth promoters ("hormones") in livestock production, in contrast to their legal use [e.g. of five such hormones (17beta-estradiol, testosterone, progesterone, trenbolone and zeranol) as small solid ear implants and two hormones as feed additives for feedlot heifers (melengestrol acetate) and for swine (ractopamine) in the USA], the regulatory controls also differ sharply between the EU and the USA.In the EU the treatment of slaughter animals is the regulatory offence that has to be controlled in inspection programs. In the USA testing for compliance of a regulatory maximum residue level in the edible product (muscle, fat, liver or kidney) is the purpose of the inspection program (if any).The EU inspection programs focus on sample materials that are more suitable for testing for banned substances, especially if the animals are still on the farm, such as urine and feces or hair. In the case of slaughtered animals, the more favored sample materials are bile, blood, eyes and sometimes liver. Only in rare occasions is muscle meat sampled. This happens only in the case of import controls or in monitoring programs of meat sampled in butcher shops or supermarkets.As a result, data on hormone concentrations in muscle meat samples from the EU market are very rare and are obtained in most cases from small programs on an ad hoc basis. EU data for natural hormones in meat are even rarer because of the absence of "legal natural levels" for these hormones in compliance testing. With the exception of samples from the application sites - in the EU the site of injection of liquid hormone preparations or the site of application of "pour on" preparations - the hormone concentrations observed in meat samples of illegally treated animals are typically in the range of a few micrograms per kilogram (ppb) down to a few tenths of a microgram per kilogram. In the EU dozens of illegal hormones are used and the number of active compounds is still expanding. Besides estrogenic, androgenic and progestagenic compounds also thyreostatic, corticosteroidal and beta-adrenergic compounds are used alone or in "smart" combinations.An overview is given of the compounds identified on the EU black market. An estimate is also given of the probability of consumption in the EU of "highly" contaminated meat from the application sites in cattle. Finally some data are presented on the concentration of estradiol in bovine meat from animals treated and not treated with hormone implants. These data are compared with the recent findings for estradiol concentrations in hen's eggs. From this comparison, the preliminary conclusion is that hen's eggs are the major source of 17alpha- and 17beta-estradiol in the consumer's daily "normal" diet.

The phenomenon of prohibited substance use among athletes, intending to increase artificially their performance has its origins in the ancient times and it is now so present, as it is supported and fed by the professional sport, so much commercialized and mediated. In the current study, we take into account that according to the humanistic psychology, the individual is free to decide over his or her life, being capable to make decisions and to lead himself or herself. Although each individual is unique, he lives in a collectivity, which is on its turn unique. From the synthesis of the two systems results a specific behavior of the individual athlete, who lives the sport activities specific situations. The efforts of the militants for a clean sport which are now or efforts, must be based on a good knowledge of the personality traits of the athletes and the impact of the impact of the entourage over them. All educational activities aiming to reduce and finally eradicate doping in all sports should be developed on these bases.

The main conclusion of our research confirms in general the formulated hypothesis that the elements of the athletes’ personality structure and the social environment may represent risk factors for the doping behavior. The risk factors with important signification are the ones in the system of personality features, especially in the domain of attitudes, knowledge and moral beliefs, all of these related to the aspects specific to sport practice and entourage. The idea that the features of Type A of personality of Romanian athletes are part of the risk factors category is not confirmed well enough.

Análisis de conocimientos y percepciones sociales sobre doping y prevención, en deportistas de Córdoba (Argentina) y su abordaje preventivo (Spanish title)

Summary
Este trabajo de investigación en Ciencias Sociales tiene como respuesta a la convocatoria de la Agencia Mundial Antidopaje (WADA), Comisión de Educación, que tiene como finalidad el mejoramiento de los procesos de conocimiento de la realidad del dopaje en distintos lugares del mundo para enfocar la prevención del mismo.
El dopaje en el deporte es un fenómeno ampliamente difundido periódicamente por los medios de comunicación al público, lo cual pone en duda cualquier actuación atlética. El dopaje, sin embargo, tiene una historia muy antigua que va más allá de los deportes y se reconoce en la relación entre el cuerpo, las drogas y el rendimiento. Este estudio se interesó por los deportistas federados y no federados de la Provincia de Córdoba, Argentina y tiene como objetivo abordar sus pronunciamientos y sus representaciones sociales específicas de dopaje y su prevención. A través de encuestas semi-estructuradas sobre el tema del doping y prevención, han sido encuestaron 1548 atletas, hombres y mujeres de diferentes disciplinas deportivas individuales y colectivas, federados y amateurs. También se entrevistaron 145 personas relacionadas directamente con los deportistas, entre los cuales se incluyen entrenadores, médicos deportólogos, dirigentes, periodistas deportivos, etc., a los cuales se le aplicaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas sobre el tema del dopaje y su prevención.

Las Representaciones Sociales (Moscovici, 1984; Jodelet, 1989; Doise, 1992) inspiraron el marco teórico y metodológico de este estudio, permitiendo un análisis descriptivo de ambas posiciones y estructurales de la toma de posición de los sujetos. El análisis descriptivo rescata cinco categorías de discurso. Las definiciones del dopaje en la mayoría se basan en conceptos equivocados, ya que lo representan como antidoping, otros sobre las nociones de peligro, de los efectos naturales y artificiales, de la desposesión de sí mismo y del rendimiento, de los efectos en el cuerpo y de la transgresión a la ley. Las causas de dopaje aparecen en los planos individual y social. Las razones que se atribuyen a la negativa del dopaje son biológicas, morales, médicas y técnicas. Las consecuencias del dopaje son a la vez paradójicas y ambivalentes. Por último, emerge un conjunto de matices con respecto al nivel, a la naturaleza o la forma de dopaje que resulta ser relativamente complejo y diferenciado entre los deportistas y personas relacionadas con ellos. En el análisis estructural emergen dos niveles en las representaciones del dopaje en los deportivos: una oposición sujeto/ fuera del sujeto y una oposición ética tradicional / característica inherente a la moral del universo de deporte. Parecería que finalmente, a pesar de los problemas como el dopaje, los ideales en que descansa el deporte todavía tienen un lugar en el deporte de élite y amateur. Por ello, tienen construida la idea que a partir de la educación antidoping se logrará vivenciar “el juego limpio” en las prácticas deportivas.

Palabras clave: deporte sin dopaje, las representaciones sociales, la transgresión ética, cuerpo, lealtad, educación antidoping.