Jacobs I, Bell DG. Effects of acute modafinil ingestion on exercise time to exhaustion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004 Jun;36(6):1078-82.

Canadian Centre for Ethics annual report 2003-2004 / Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport

CONTENTS

• Highlights
• Board of Directors
• Canada’s Doping Control Program
• Cultivating Values-Based Sport
• International
• Auditors’ Report

CAS 2004/A/549 D. & Real Federacion Española de Gimnasia vs FIG

TAS 2004/A/549 D. & Real Federacion Española de Gimnasia (RFEG) c. Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG)

• Gymnastics
• Doping (cannabis)
• CAS Power to investigate on appeal
• Outcome of procedural faults committed in the first instance
• Principle of non bis in idem
• Principle of lex mitior
• Determination of sanction

1. In accordance with Article R57 of the Code of Sports Arbitration, CAS reviews the facts and law with full power to investigate. This power permits it to hear the parties again as to the total circumstances of facts as well as on the legal arguments they wish to raise and to rule definitively on the case in question. Such a system, where the Panel investigates all the arguments about the facts and law raised by the parties, allows it to consider to purge the possibly procedural faults that have effected the prevous instances.

2. The Athlete has been suspended, on international level from 19 October 2002 until 19 January 2003, and on national level from 28 December 2002 until 28 March 2003, by two sanctions rendered separately.

These two sanctions concern distinct objects, the national or international competitions. Article 1.4 at the end of the FIG Regulations provides a double degree of measures by stipulating that the sanctions decided by the FIG do not prejudge anything that could be inflicted by the IOC, the NOCs or the National Federations.

Accordingly, even if the non bis in idem principle has to be considered applicable, the Athlete can not refer on it, considering that the sanctions imposed on him have a different purpose.

3. In this case, FIG can not be considered late in adopting the WADA Code, as the deadline has not expired. For these reasons, and in particular in view of the specific conditions of the commencement into force of this Code, the Panel finds that it is not applicable in this particular case. For this reason, the principle of lex mitior is not admissible in this scope.

On 21 December 2002 the Disciplinary Committee of the Royal Spanish Gymnastics Federation (RFEG) decided to impose a 3 month period of ineligibility on the Spanish Athlete D. after all his samples tested positive for the prohibited substance Cannabis. D. provided the samples at 3 competitions between October and November 2002 in Spain, France and Hungary while the RFEG annulled his results obtained in Spain.

As a consequence of these violations the Disciplinary Commission of the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) decided to impose a retroactive 3 month period of ineligibility on the Athlete D., starting on 19 October 2002, including annulation of the results obtained in 3 competitions in France, Hungary and also in Germany.

The RFEG appealed this decisions and on 30 November 2003 the FIG Appeal Tribunal annulled the FIG decision due to procedural faults and referred the case back to the FIG Disciplinary Commission.

Hereafter in December 2003 the RFEG appealed this case with the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS).

On 27 May 2004 the Court of Arbitration for Sport decides to annul the FIG Appeal Tribunal decision of 30 November 2003 and to impose a 3 month period of ineligibility on the Athlete D., starting on 19 October 2002, including annulment of his results obtained in the competitions in France, Hungary and Germany.

Pedro Braga (player) requested a hearing before the ATP Tour Anti-doping Tribunal which took place on May 20, 2004 . During the ATP sanctioned tournament Brazilian Open in Salvador de Bahia Brazil September 7, 2003, a sample was taken. The sample showed the presence of stanozolol metabolites, which is a prohibited substance.
The player submits that the sample was compromised because in stayed at the Brazilian Customs for 27 days at room temperature. Also the pH value was increased. There was a difference in the analysis of the A and B-sample, the A-sample showed metabolites of stanozolol but the B-sample showed the substance stanozolol. The player never use any forbidden substance. He the exceptional circumstances or no significant fault or negligence for which a reduction or elimination of any period of ineligibility is justified.
The ATP finds that the player committed a doping offence, the player is responsible for any forbidden substance in his body. The substance stanozolol is not affected by degradation. The player was unable to establish exceptional circumstances, by this the period of ineligibility for a first offense is 2 years. There is no difference between the applicable sanctions for this in the rules in 2003 and 2004 the principle of lex mitior doesn't apply.
The panel agreed that there is no dispute about the urine sample. Stanozolol is entirely an exogenous substance. The stanozolol is not affected by the 27 days stay in Brazilian customs. The pH value is not important for the found substance. The difference in found substances of the A and B-sample is due to the sensitive analytical techniques.
Because the player doesn't know how the substance entered his body there are no exceptional circumstances. Lex Mitior doesn't apply in this case.
The decision is that a doping offence has occured, ranking points and prize money gained in the tournament or other ATP tournaments in the period of ineligibility will be forfeited, the period of ineligibility will be 2 years commencing on the date of the decision.

Rapportage Audit Commissie Doping : periode: september 2003 t/m februari 2004 / C.A. Segaar, H.P.F. Koppeschaar, C. van Bentum. - Arnhem : Audit Commissie Doping, 2004.
- Rapportage ten behoeve van de Algemene Vergadering NOC*NSF 18 mei 2004.
- Halfjaarlijkse rapportage aan de Algemene Vergadering van NOC*NSF, het bestuur NOC*NSF, de staatssecretaris van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport en het bestuur van het NeCeDo.

Inhoud:

- Leden Audit Commissie
- Jaarlijks 2 rapportages
- Bonden zonder categorie 1 of 2 topsportonderdelen
- Respons
- T/E-Ratio's
- Uitslagen verrichte controles van september 2003 t/m februari 2004
- Nog openstaande zaken vanuit voorgaande rapportages
- Historisch overzicht, aantal zaken per rapportageperiode
- Rapportage Audit Commissie Doping 18 mei 2004

The ATP tour reports the player for an Anti-Doping violation. The player provided an In-Competition urine sample, the analysis indicated the prohibited substances Ephedrine, nandrolene or precursors, stanozolol and metabolites and Clenbuterol. By letter the Player admits to have used the prohibited substances, he used them to cure injuries. The player' s admission means that he accepted the lab report. A hearing before the Anti-doping Tribunal is not required.
Because it is a first offense the award will be a 2-year period of ineligibility commencing on the date of the decision, all competitive results obtained from the date the positive sample was collected through to the date of commencement of the ineligibility period ordered herein are disqualified with all the resulting consequences including forfeiture of computer ranking points and prize money.

Long-term testosterone gel (AndroGel) treatment maintains beneficial effects on sexual function and mood, lean and fat mass, and bone mineral density in hypogonadal men / Christina Wang, Glenn Cunningham, Adrian Dobs, Ali Iranmanesh, Alvin M. Matsumoto, Peter J. Snyder, Thomas Weber, Nancy Berman, Laura Hull, Ronald S. Swerdloff. - (The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 89 (2004) 5 (1 May); p. 2085-2098)

• PMID: 15126525
• DOI: 10.1210/jc.2003-032006

Abstract

Transdermal testosterone (T) delivery represents an effective alternative to injectable androgens. We studied 163 hypogonadal men who applied 5, 7.5, or 10 g AndroGel (T gel) 1% CIII per day for up to 42 months. Efficacy data were presented in 123 subjects considered evaluable. Continuous AndroGel treatment normalized mean serum T and free T levels. Mean serum 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone concentrations and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone/T ratio slightly increased, mean serum estradiol/T ratio doubled, and mean serum FSH and LH levels were suppressed by T replacement. Sexual function and mood parameters improved rapidly and were maintained throughout T treatment. Lean body mass increased (P = 0.0001) and fat mass decreased (P = 0.0001), and these changes were maintained with treatment but were not accompanied by significant increases in muscle strength. Increases in serum bone markers suggestive of increased bone formation were followed by gradual and progressive increases in bone mineral density more in the spine (P = 0.0001) than the hip (P = 0.0004). Mild local skin irritation occurred in 12 subjects, resulting in discontinuation in only one subject. Except for the anticipated increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin, there were no clinically significant changes in blood counts or biochemistry. In three subjects with elevated serum prostate-specific antigen, prostate biopsies showed cancer. We conclude that continued application of AndroGel resulted in beneficial effects similar to those with injectables and other transdermal preparations. This study was neither placebo controlled nor powered to determine the effects of T treatment on prostate cancer risk. Thus, monitoring for prostatic disease and assessment for erythrocytosis are strongly advised to reduce the risk of adverse events with T treatment of hypogonadal men.

WADA Statistics 2003 : Overview of results reported by the 31
IOC/WADA-accredited Laboratories / WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency). - Montreal : WADA, 2004

Intensiteit, frequentie en volume : een meta-analyse / Bart Coumans. - (Krachttraining (2004) 5 (mei) p. 10-12)

In de farmaceutische wereld wordt veel aandacht besteed aan dosis-effect relaties van medicijnen. Als je van een bepaald medicijn zoveel inneemt dan staat min of meer vast wat het heilzame effect daarvan is op een bepaalde klacht of ziekte. Als je sportbeoefening ook als een soort medicijn beschouwt – en daar zijn trouwens goede redenen voor – dan zou je ook van dit soort dosis-effect relaties kunnen vaststellen. Een bepaalde hoeveelheid training (dosis) geeft namelijk een bepaalde hoeveelheid trainingsresultaat (effect), bijvoorbeeld toename in spierkracht. Hoe die relatie precies ligt is belangrijke informatie voor krachttrainers en fitnessinstructeurs. Rhea en medewerkers zochten de dosis-effect relatie uit voor krachttraining door middel van een zogenaamde meta-analyse en waarbij gekeken werd naar intensiteit, frequentie en volume.

Anti Doping Danmark Årsberetning 2003 annual report / Anti-Doping Denmark (ADD). - Brøndby : ADD, 2004

Indholl
Forord 2
Anti Doping Danmark's formål 4
Højdepunkter 6
Dopingkontroller 8
Dopingsager 10
Uddannelse of information om kontrol 14
Kvalitetssikring 16
Opgaver i 2004 17
Internationalt 18
Forskning 22
Oplysning om doping 26
Anti-doping Pris 2002 32
Økonomi 33
ADD og evaulering 34

Contents
Preface 3
The Anti-Doping Denmark's objectives 5
Highlights 7
Doping controls and doping infractions 12
Education and information about control 15
Quality Control 16
Task in 2004 17
International 20
Research 24
Information on Doping 28
Anti-Doping Award 2002 32
Budget 33
ADD and evaluation 35