Say NO! To Doping - Inspire respect

28 Oct 2012

WADA has produced a series 15-second video clips to help drive its ‘Say NO! To Doping’ awareness campaign.

The clips, designed to reinforce the sporting concept of fair play and integrity, are also available to stakeholders to utilize for their own awareness initiatives.

WADA hopes that the clips will be used as widely as possible to deliver the message that success in the sporting arena can only be achieved through hard work, dedication, respect for your fellow competitors, and respect for the rules of sport.

show » details »
Type:
video

Say NO! To Doping - Inspire respect (French)

28 Oct 2012

Dis NON! au dopage - Inspire le respect

WADA has produced a series 15-second video clips to help drive its ‘Say NO! To Doping’ awareness campaign.

The clips, designed to reinforce the sporting concept of fair play and integrity, are also available to stakeholders to utilize for their own awareness initiatives.

WADA hopes that the clips will be used as widely as possible to deliver the message that success in the sporting arena can only be achieved through hard work, dedication, respect for your fellow competitors, and respect for the rules of sport.

show » details »
Type:
video

SBN 2011 SBN Decision Disciplinary Committee 2011100 T

21 Feb 2012

The Dutch Squash Federation (Squash Bond Nederland, SBN) has reported an anti doping rule violation against this person after he tested positive for the prohibited substance cannabis.
The Person was selected by the anti-doping authorities to provide a urine sample at a competition in Belgium.
The Disciplinary Committee decides to reprimand the person and to disqualify the competition result.

Schemes of metabolic patterns of anabolic androgenic steroids for the estimation of metabolites of designer steroids in human urine

4 Mar 2009

Schemes of metabolic patterns of anabolic androgenic steroids for the estimation of metabolites of designer steroids in human urine / A.G. Fragkaki, Y.S Angelis, A. Tsantili-Kakoulidou, M. Koupparis, C. Georgakopoulos. - (The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 115 (2009) 1-2 (May); p. 44-61)

  • PMID: 19429460
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2009.02.016


Abstract

Unified metabolism schemes of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) in human urine based on structure classification of parent molecules are presented in this paper. Principal components analysis (PCA) was applied to AAS molecules referred in the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) list of prohibited substances, resulting to their classification into six distinct groups related to structure features where metabolic alterations usually occur. The metabolites of the steroids participating to these six groups were treated using the Excel(c) classification filters showing that common metabolism routes are derived for each of the above PCA classes, leading to the proposed metabolism schemes of the present study. This rule-based approach is proposed for the prediction of the metabolism of unknown, chemically modified steroids, otherwise named as designer steroids. The metabolites of three known, in the literature, AAS are estimated using the proposed metabolism schemes, confirming that their use could be a useful tool for the prediction of metabolic pathways of unknown AAS.

Science of weight loss supplements: Compromised by conflicts of interest?

14 Oct 2010

Author: Ano Lobb
World J Gastroenterol. 2010 October 14; 16(38): 4880–4882.
Published online 2010 October 14. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i38.4880

Weight loss supplements often contain powerful pharmacoactive ingredients with the potential to cause harm. Trials used to determine product safety and effectiveness, meanwhile, tend to be small, of short duration, and frequently lack financial conflict of interest disclosures. These factors could conspire to place consumers at risk, especially when published research cited in advertising cloaks products with the suggestion that their safety and effectiveness have been proven by science. Examples of current and former weight loss products backed by potentially conflicted or low quality research include Metabolife-356, Hydroxycut, Xenadrine and LeptiCore. Published research, especially in the field of weight loss supplements, needs better conflict of interest disclosure, and regulators should consider how research findings are used in marketing claims.

Scientific integrity and anti-doping regulation

12 Apr 2019

Scientific integrity and anti-doping regulation / Roger Pielke Jr., Erik Boye. - (International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics (2019) April 12).
- https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2019.1596968


ABSTRACT

The paper addresses a fundamental challenge facing anti-doping regulation in sport: securing scientific integrity. The importance of evidence in anti-doping is similar to that found across many fields where science and expertise meet policy, ethics and regulation. We argue that a growing body of evidence indicates that anti-doping regulation under the World Anti-Doping Agency is sometimes arbitrary and too often not grounded in a solid foundation of evidence. We document shortfalls in standards of scientific integrity in four contexts: (1) the prevalence of doping, (2) performance benefits and health risks, (3) errors and inconsistencies in accusation, and (4) the evaluation of anti-doping policies. We give several suggestions to enhance scientific integrity in anti-doping regulation and argue that greater transparency will help to reduce inconsistencies and errors.

Scientific integrity and the IAAF testosterone regulations

7 Feb 2019

Scientific integrity and the IAAF testosterone regulations / Roger Pielke Jr., Ross Tucker, Erik Boye. - (International Sports Law Journal (2019) 7 February ; p. 1-9, 1-2).
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s40318-019-00143-w
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s40318-019-00149-4 (Correction)

Correction 18 April 2019 to the original article has been attached to the pdf-file.


Abstract

In April 2018, the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) announced new regulations governing the eligibility of certain female athletes with differences of sexual development accompanied by elevated levels of natural testosterone. Such women with testosterone levels above a specific threshold would be banned from competing as females unless they were to undergo medical intervention. In this paper, we examine key elements of the scientific basis offered by IAAF in support of the regulations, based on a subset of original performance data provided to us by IAAF. We identify significant flaws in the data used by IAAF leading to unreliable results. Further, these failures have not been corrected by IAAF or the academic journal which has published them, leading to a comprehensive failure of scientific integrity. We argue that the IAAF testosterone regulations are based on a flawed scientific foundation and that this case offers more general lessons for the sport governance community on the importance of upholding the standards of scientific integrity expected in other areas of policy and regulation.


Correction to: Scientific integrity and the IAAF testosterone regulations

In this article, some minor mistakes have accidentally crept in.
These are listed below:

1. In Table 5, BG17 and BHKE18 should change positions.
2. The same it true for Fig. 2, which is attached as corrected.
3. Also, in the bullet points below the figure, please replace the first four bullet points with the following:

- For 3 of 11 running events, the performance difference between the highest and lowest tertiles decreased from BG17 to BHKE18, including in 1 of 4 of the regulated events;
- In three events, the performance difference changed from negative (high T slower than low T) to positive (high T faster than low T);
- In BHKE18, the low T tertile is faster than the high T tertile in 3 of 11 events, compared to 6 of 11 events in BG17.
- In the four regulated events, the average difference in times was increased by 0.4% in absolute terms (i.e. from 1.6 to 2.0%), and 3 of 4 meets the BHKE18 standard for statistical significance (BG17 reported 1 of 4).

None of these changes alter our analysis or conclusions, as the key point in this section was the magnitude of differences between the two studies, not the relative accuracy of one study over the other.

Scientific Opinion on the Regulatory Status of 1,3-Dimethylamylamine (DMAA)

26 Nov 2012

Scientific Opinion on the Regulatory Status of 1,3-Dimethylamylamine (DMAA) / Bastiaan J. Venhuis, Dries de Kaste. – (European Journal of Food Research & Review 2 (2012) 4 (November 26) : p. 93-100)

Content:
- Introduction
- Nomenclature
- Pharmacology
- Intranasal Application
- Oral Application
- Discussion
• Effect on the heart
• Effect on the Blood Pressure
• Effect on the Lungs and the Nose
- Conclusion

1,3-Dimethylamylamine (DMAA) is a pressor amine often found in food supplements for athletes at dosages of 25-65 mg. Historically, the compound has been used as a nasal decongestant but its oral application is largely unstudied leaving the regulatory status of such food supplements as unlicensed medicines undetermined. We therefore reviewed the literature on DMAA and similar amines in order to deduce an effective oral dosage. Based on our findings we conclude that oral preparations with >4 mg DMAA per dose unit should be considered as effective as a bronchodilator. Food supplements that exceed that limit are in fact subject to the Medicines Act and require licensing. Dosages higher than 100-200 mg are expected to cause serious adverse events.

Screening for 2-quinolinone-derived selective androgen receptor agonists in doping control analysis

8 Oct 2007

Screening for 2-quinolinone-derived selective androgen receptor agonists in doping control analysis / Mario Thevis, Maxie Kohler, Joachim Maurer, Nils Schlörer, Matthias Kamber, Wilhelm Schänzer. - (Rapid Communicaton in Mass Spectrometry 21 (2007) 21 (15 November); p. 3477-3486)

  • PMID: 17985352
  • DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3247


Abstract

Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) represent a class of emerging drugs with high potential for misuse in sports, and therefore members of this group are banned as anabolic agents by the World Anti-Doping Agency. Preventive approaches to restrict their use include early implementation of target analytes into doping control screening assays and evaluation of the mass spectrometric behavior of these drugs to allow their unequivocal identification as well as the characterization of structurally related compounds and metabolic products. Four model SARMs with the 6-alkylamino-2-quinolinone structure, including the advanced drug candidate LGD-2226, were synthesized. Fragmentation pathways after positive electrospray ionization and collision-induced dissociation were studied using an LTQ Orbitrap mass analyzer, and diagnostic product ions and common dissociation pathways were employed to establish a screening procedure targeting intact quinolinone-based SARMs as well as putative metabolic products such as dealkylated analogues. Therefore, features of a triple quadrupole mass analyzer such as multiple reaction monitoring and precursor ion scanning were utilized. Sample preparation based on commonly employed liquid-liquid extraction and subsequent liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric measurement allowed for detection limits of 0.01-0.2 ng/mL, and intra- and interday precisions between 3.2 and 8.5% and between 6.3 and 16.6%, respectively. Recoveries varied from 81 to 98%, and tests for ion suppression or enhancement effects were negative for all analytes.

Screening for benfluorex and its major urinary metabolites in routine doping controls

30 Nov 2010

Screening for benfluorex and its major urinary metabolites in routine doping controls / Mario Thevis, Gerd Sigmund, Vassilios Gougoulidis, Simon Beuck, Nils Schlörer, Andreas Thomas, Dorota Kwiatkowska, Andrzej Pokrywka, Wilhelm Schänzer. - (Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 401 (2011) 2 (August); p. 543–551)

  • PMID: 21116611
  • DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4455-4


Abstract

Benfluorex [1-(m-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2-(β-benzoyloxyethyl)aminopropane] has been widely used for the treatment of atherogenic metabolic disorders and impaired carbohydrate metabolism (particularly in obese type-II diabetic patients) as well as an anorectic drug. Due to its potentially performance-enhancing properties, benfluorex has been added to the list of prohibited compounds and methods of doping by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) in 2010, necessitating the implementation of the drug as well as its major metabolites into routine doping control procedures. In the present study, human urinary metabolites of benfluorex were characterized by gas chromatography-electron ionization-mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS) as well as liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-high resolution/high accuracy tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Commonly employed sports drug testing approaches consisting of liquid-liquid extraction followed by GC-MS or urine dilution and immediate LC-MS/MS analysis were expanded and validated with regard to specificity, recovery (48-54%, GC-MS only), intra- and interday precision (<25%), limits of detection (5-8 ng/mL for LC-MS/MS and 80 ng/mL for GC-MS), and ion suppression (for LC-ESI-MS/MS only) to allow the detection of benfluorex metabolites 1-(m-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)aminopropane (M1), 1-(m-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2-(2-carboxymethyl)aminopropane (M2), and 1-(m-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (M3) as well as the glucuronic acid conjugate of M1.

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