History of doping and doping control / Rudhard Klaus Müller
- PMID: 20020358
- DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-79088-4_1
- Print ISBN 978-3-540-79087-7
- Online ISBN 978-3-540-79088-4
- Published in:
Doping in Sports: Biochemical Principles, Effects and Analysis. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 2010, vol 195, p. 1-23
Abstract
Although attempts to enhance athletic performance are probably much older, the word “doping” was first mentioned in 1889 in an English dictionary. It described originally a mixed remedy containing opium, which was used to “dope” horses. “Dope” was a spirit prepared from the residues of grapes, which Zulu warriors used as a “stimulant” at fights and religious procedures and which also reportedly was called “doop” in Afrikaans or Dutch. Later, the meaning of “dope” was extended in a broader sense to other beverages with stimulating properties. The expression was introduced into English Turf Sport about 1900 for illegal drugging of racehorses.
Content:
- 1 The Expression “Doping”
- 2 Early Attempts of Doping
- 3 Doping and its Emerging Prohibition
- 3.1 Stimulants
- 3.2 Anabolic Agents
- 3.3 Fatalities with Presumptive Correlation to Doping
- 4 Development of General Anti-Doping Regulations
- 5 Doping Analysis and Accreditation of Anti-Doping Laboratories
- 6 Doping and the Cold War
- 7 Developments from the 1990s Onward
- Appendix 1 Historical Definitions of Doping
References
