The analytical chemistry of drug monitoring in athletes / L.D. Bowers. – (Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry (2009) 2 (July) : p. 485-507)
- doi: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-060908-15515
Content:
1.) Introduction
2.) The World Anti-Doping Agency
2.1.) The Prohibited List: International Standaard
2.2.) The International Standard for Laboratories
3.) Analytical challenges and advances
3.1.) Anabolic Agents
3.1.1.) Exogenous anabolic agents
3.1.2.) Endogenous anabolic steroids
3.2.) Proteins and Peptides
3.2.1.) Human chorionic gonadotropin
3.2.2.) Insulin
3.2.3.) Recombinant human growth hormone
3.2.4.) Recombinant erythropoieting and mimetics
3.3.) Enhancement of Oxygen Transport : Allogenic (Homologous) Blood Transfusion
The detection and deterrence of the abuse of performance-enhancing drugs in sport are important to maintaining a level playing field among athletes and to decreasing the risk to athletes’ health. The World Anti-Doping Program consists of six documents, three of which play a role in analytical development: The World Anti-Doping Code, The List of Prohibited Substances and Methods, and The International Standard for Laboratories. Among the classes of prohibited substances, three have given rise to the most recent analytical developments in the field: anabolic agents; peptide and protein hormones; and methods to increase oxygen delivery to the tissues, including recombinant erythropoietin. Methods for anabolic agents, including designer steroids, have been enhanced through the use of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/combustion/isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. Protein and peptide identification and quantification have benefited from advances in liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Incorporation of techniques such as flow cytometry and isoelectric focusing have supported the detection of blood doping.
