Adverse Analyzing : A European Study of Anti Doping Organization Reporting Practices and the Efficacy of Drug Testing Athletes / Walter Palmer, Simon Taylor, Andrew Wingate. - Nyon : UNI Global Union, 2011
Anti-doping in sport is a multi-million Euro industry employing thousands of people that impacts upon the day-to-day lives of every professional athlete. It relies upon cutting-edge biological, chemical and medical investigations. However there is a paucity of publicly available statistical evidence to support current policies and practices on drug testing programmes for athletes.
The lack of statistical evidence to support an effective, proportional and efficient drug testing regime raises serious questions about WADA’s management of the World Anti-Doping Code.
It is hard to avoid the conclusion that the World Anti-Doping Agency has little or no evidence about the effectiveness of international drug testing for athletes. This has serious implications for its drug testing policies and procedures; if they are not based on hard statistical evidence then we must question how these policies are being developed and monitored.
WADA is already aware of the lack of statistical evidence on the efficacy of international drug testing yet has done little to address the shortcoming. There are clear and obvious failings in the limited statistics that WADA does publish. These omissions combined with the lack of detail renders them almost meaningless for any detailed analysis of anti-doping statistics. The findings of this report strongly suggest that WADA is in breach of the World Anti- Doping Code with regards to Article 14.4. It is failing to collect and publish comprehensive national anti-doping statistics despite being required to do so by its own Code.
Contents:
Section 1: Factors Limiting Data Collection
1.) Limited Availability of NADO Annual Reports
a.) Table: Availability of NADO Annual Reports
b.) Lack of centralized information on NADO websites
c.) Table: WADA reporting – 2008 vs. 2009
d.) Potential Code Violations
2.) Lack of a standard approach to the listing of sports and sport categories
3.) Ambiguous or general sport categories
4.) Lack of complete reporting
5.) Lack of a standard approach on third party testing
a.) Overview and Comments
b.) Table: Comparison of Report Contents
c.) Summary
d.) Interesting Individual Cases
i.) Germany
ii.) Latvia
iii.) Netherlands
iv.) United Kingdom
6.) Variation of Reporting Practices in Key Areas
a.) Violations
b.) Substances
c.) Positives (Adverse Analytical Findings – AAFs)
d.) Therapeutic Use Exemptions
e.) Missed tests
f.) Reporting failures
Section 2: Analysis of the Available Data
1.) Testing
a.) Total Number of Reported Tests – (Table)
b.) Number of tests in and out-of-competition
2.) Violations
a.) Total number of reported violations
i.) Interesting Individual Cases
1.) Belgium
2.) Germany
3.) Netherlands
4.) Luxembourg
5.) United Kingdom
b.) Sports in Which Violations occurred in 2009
c.) Number of Violations per Sport
d.) Analysis – Number of Violations per Sport
e.) Breakdown of Violations by Sport
f.) Number of violations in and out of competition
g.) Number of violations in and out of competition per sport
h.) Analysis – In and Out-of-Competition
i.) Table: Table – Ratios: Number of tests to number of violations per NADO
j.) Interesting individual cases
3.) Substances
a.) Introduction
b.) Initial Plan
c.) Problems of categorization and substance identification
d.) The amended table
e.) Table description
f.) Table: Violations: Total number of violations per sport categorized by substance
g.) Interesting Individual Cases
h.) “Multiple Violations”
i.) Non-identified substances
j.) General analysis of substances and violations
k.) General analysis of substances and sports
l.) Cannabis
Section 3: Executive Summary
