An overview of the doping control analysis during the Olympic Games of 2004 in Athens, Greece / M. Tsivou, N. Kioukia-Fougia, E. Lyris, Y. Aggelis, A. Fragkaki, X. Kiousi, Ph. Simitsek,
H. Dimopoulou, I.-P. Leontiou, M. Stamou, M.-H. Spyridaki, C. Georgakopoulos. - (Analytica Chimica Acta 555 (2006) 1 (5 January); p. 1-13)

• DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.08.068

Abstract

This study summarizes the results obtained from the doping control analysis during the period of the XXVIII summer Olympic Games (30 July–29 August 2004). The analysis of all doping control samples was performed at the Doping Control Laboratory (DCL)—the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Accredited Laboratory of Athens. Three thousand six hundred and seventeen tests were conducted in total throughout the games. In 23 specimens the presence of a prohibited substance was confirmed. Sixteen of those were related to anabolic agents. The screened results were confirmed with various mass spectrometry analytical techniques, such as gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (GC/HRMS), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (ion trap) (LC/MS). The results of the first time applied screening and confirmatory procedures for the detection of recombinant human growth hormone in serum were also presented. Besides, 107 therapeutic use exemptions (TUE) were verified for glucocorticosteroid and beta2-agonist use.

Substance use in athletics : a sports psychiatry perspective /  David R. McDuff, David A. Baron. - (Clinics in Sports Medicine 24 (2005) 4 (1 October); p. 885-897)

• PMID: 16169452
• DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2005.06.004

Abstract

Athletes use substances to produce pleasure, relieve pain and stress, improve socialization, recover from injury, and enhance performance. Therefore, they use some substances in substantially higher rates that nonathletes. Despite these higher rates of use, rates of addiction may in fact be lower in athletes. This article reviews the prevalence and patterns of use, health and performance effects, and preventive and treatment interventions for alcohol, tobacco, stimulants, and steroids. Each substance is considered from the differing perspectives of abuse/addiction and performance enhancement models. Similarities and differences between college and professional athletes are discussed. Finally, suggestions for future research are made.

Cardiovascular Toxicities of Performance-Enhancing Substances in Sports / Ritesh Dhar, C. William Stout, Mark S. Link, Munther K. Homoud, Jonathan Weinstock, N.A. Mark Estes 3rd. - (Mayo Clinic Proceedings 80 (2005) 10 (1 October); p. 1307-1315.

• PMID: 16212144 
• DOI: 10.4065/80.10.1307 

Abstract

Athletes commonly use drugs and dietary supplements to improve athletic performance or to assist with weight loss. Some of these substances are obtainable by prescription or by illegal means; others are marketed as supplements, vitamins, or minerals. Nutritional supplements are protected from Food and Drug Administration regulation by the 1994 US Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, and manufacturers are not required to demonstrate proof of efficacy or safety. Furthermore, the Food and Drug Administration lacks a regulatory body to evaluate such products for purity. Existing scientific data, which consist of case reports and clinical observations, describe serious cardiovascular adverse effects from use of performance-enhancing substances, including sudden death. Although mounting evidence led to the recent ban of ephedra (ma huang), other performance-enhancing substances continue to be used frequently at all levels, from elementary school children to professional athletes. Thus, although the potential for cardiovascular injury is great, few appropriately designed studies have been conducted to assess the benefits and risks of using performance-enhancing substances. We performed an exhaustive OVID MEDLINE search to Identify all existing scientific data, review articles, case reports, and clinical observations that address this subject. In this review, we examine the current evidence regarding cardiovascular risk for persons using anabolic-androgenic steroids including 2 synthetic substances, tetrahydrogestrinone and androstenedione (andro), stimulants such as ephedra, and nonsteroidal agents such as recombinant human erythropoietin, human growth hormone, creatine, and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate.

Canadian Centre for Ethics annual report 2004-2005 / Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport

CONTENTS

• Board of Directors
• Ethics in Sport Initiatives
• Canada’s Doping Control Program
• Canadian Partnerships
• International Partnerships
• The CCES Team
• Auditors’ Report

2004 Adverse Analytical Findings Reported by Accredited Laboratories / WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency). - Montreal : WADA, 2005

2004 Annual Report United States Anti-Doping Agency / United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA). - Colorado Springs : USADA, 2005

World Anti-Doping Agency 2004 annual report / World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). - Montreal : WADA, 2005

02 Message from the Chairman
04 Message from the Director General
06 Implementation of the World Anti-Doping Code
08 International Convention against Doping in Sport
10 Athens Games
12 Education and Communications
14 Regional Offices
16 Science and Research
18 Testing
20 Anti-Doping Development
21 Anti-Doping Administration & Management System (ADAMS)
22 Management Report & Financials

Finnish Anti-Doping Agency annual report 2004 / FINADA

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAIRMAN’S REVIEW 6
ADMINISTRATION 6
AGENCY MEETINGS 6
BOARD 6
SUPERVISORY GROUP 6
WORKING GROUPS 6
OFFICE 6
DOPING CONTROL 6
DOPING TESTING 6
THERAPEUTIC USE EXEMPTION 6
QUALITY SYSTEM 6
ANTIDOPING PASSPORT AND THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 6
EDUCATION 8
INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES 9
THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING AGENCY (WADA) 9
UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANISATION (UNESCO) 9
COUNCIL OF EUROPE 9
ASSOCIATION OF NATIONAL ANTI-DOPING (ANADO) 9
INTERNATIONAL ANTI-DOPING ARRANGEMENT (IADA) 9
EUROPEAN UNION (EU) 9
NORDIC COOPERATION 9
OTHER COOPERATION 9
COMMUNICATIONS 10
ANTI-DOPING CODE AND LEGISLATION 10
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES 10
CLARIFICATION OF THE EXTENT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITY 10
FINANCES 10
KEY EVENTS DURING AND AFTER THE FINANCIAL YEAR 10
ASSESSMENT OF ENSUING DEVELOPMENT 10
ANNEXES: 12
ORGANISATION AND STAFF 12
STATISTICS ON DOPING CONTROL 2004 13
PUBLICATIONS 14
FINADA’S ARRANGED TRAINING 15
EVENTS IN 2004 16
FINADA’S INTERNATIONAL REPRESENTATION 16