Årsrapport 2019 Stiftelsen Antidoping Norge / Antidoping Norge (ADNO). - Oslo : ADNO, 2020

Anti-doping Policy, Therapeutic Use Exemption and Medication Use in Athletes with Asthma : A Narrative Review and Critical Appraisal of Current Regulations / Hayden Allen, Susan H. Backhouse, James H. Hull, Oliver J. Price . - (Sports Medicine (2019) 18 March; p. 1-10).
- PMID: 30887312.
- DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01075-z

Abstract

Asthma is prevalent in athletes and when untreated can impact both respiratory health and sports performance. Pharmacological inhaler therapy currently forms the mainstay of treatment; however, for elite athletes competing under the constraints of the World Anti-Doping Code (Code), a number of established therapies are prohibited both in and/or out of competition and/or have a maximum permitted dose. The recent release of medical information detailing inhaler therapy in high-profile athletes has brought the legitimacy and utilisation of asthma medication in this setting into sharp focus. This narrative review critically appraises recent changes to anti-doping policy and the Code in the context of asthma management, evaluates the impact of asthma medication use on sports performance and employs a theory of behaviour to examine perceived determinants and barriers to athletes adhering to the anti-doping rules of sport when applied to asthma.

Annual Report 2006 / Anti-Doping Switzerland. - Bern : Dopingbekämpfung Schweiz, 2007

AUSTRALIAN SPORTS ANTI-DOPING AUTHORITY 2005-06 ANNUAL REPORT
© Commonwealth of Australia
ISSN 1833-8976

Table of Contents iv
Figures vi
Acronyms vii
About this report ix
Overview 1
Chair’s message 2
Organisational overview 4
ASDA Snapshot 2005–06 4
Outcome and output structure 5
ASADA Snapshot: 2005–06 6
2005–06 ASADA highlights 9
2006–07 ASADA outlook 9
ASDA’s Organisational Structure 10
ASADA’s Organisational Structure 11
Australia’s Anti-Doping Framework 12
Performance review 13
Performance reports 14
Resources for Outcome 14
Outcome 1 14
Output 1.1 Drug testing program 15
Detection 15
Enforcement 22
Compliance 22
Deterrence 23
Key Projects 23
Output 1.2 Education, communication and advocacy services 26
Education and communication 27
Advocacy 33
Management Accountability 41
Corporate Governance 42
Senior management committees 43
Risk management 46
External scrutiny 49
Management of Human Resources 51
Financials 57
Discretionary grants 58
Asset management 58
Purchasing 59
Consultants 59
Competitive tendering and contracting 60
Compliance requirements 61
Australian Sports Drug Agency 63
Corporate Governance 64
Financial management 66
Contracting and purchasing 67
People 68
Australian Sports Drug Medical Advisory Committee 73
Financial Statements 77
Appendices 157
Appendix A: Doping Control statistics 1989 to 30 June 2006 158
Appendix B: Register of Notifiable Events (RNE) 2005–06 159
Appendix C: List of International Incidences (LII) 2005–06 162
Appendix D: Register of Findings (RoF) 2005–06 163
Appendix E: International anti-doping arrangements and Doping Control agreements 164
Appendix F: The functions, powers and delegations of ASADA in accordance with
the ASADA Act 2006 166
Appendix G: Powers of the Minister under the ASADA Act 168
Appendix H: The objects, functions and powers of ASDA as specified in the ASDA Act 169
Appendix I: Powers of the Minister under the ASDA Act 171
Appendix J: ASADA Staffing Statistics as at 30 June 2006 172
Appendix K: ASDA Staffing Statistics as at 13 March 2006 174
Appendix L: Freedom of Information 176
Appendix M: 2001-05 ASDA Strategy Plan 177
Appendix N: ASDMAC Functions (excerpt from ASADA Regulations) 178
Appendix O: ASDMAC Approvals by Sport July 1 2005 to 30 June 2006 179
Glossary 183
Compliance Index 185
Index 188
Figures
Figure 1: ASDA’s outcome and output structure 5
Figure 2: Changes to the outcome and output structure 2006–07 8
Figure 3: ASADA’s outcome and output structure 2006–07 8
Figure 4: ASDA’S organisational structure 10
Figure 5: ASADA’S organisational structure 11
Figure 6: Australia’s anti-doping framework 12
Figure 7: Resources for outcome 14
Figure 8: Output 1.1 performance measures 15
Figure 9: ASADA’s Doping Control statistics for 2005–06 17
Figure 10: Register of Notifiable Events and Register of Findings trends 1998 to 2006 21
Figure 11: Output 1.2 performance measures 26
Figure 12: Distribution of education and communication products and services 30
Figure 13: ASADA Member details as at 30 June 2006 44
Figure 14: Expenditure on new and existing contracts 60
Figure 15: Service provider contracts over $100,000 60
Figure 16: Media advertising agencies 61
Figure 17: ASDA Board details as at 13 March 2006 64
Figure 18: ASDA Audit Commitee details as at 13 March 2006 66
Figure 19: ASDMAC budget 2005–06 76

AUSTRALIAN SPORTS ANTI-DOPING AUTHORITY 2006-07 ANNUAL REPORT
© Commonwealth of Australia
ISSN 1833-8976

Table of contents
Letter of transmittal iii
About this report iv
Overview 1
Message from the Chair 2
Organisation overview 7
Snapshot for 2006–07 7
Highlights for 2006–07 9
Outlook for 2007–08 9
Report on Performance 13
Performance reports 14
Outcome 1 14
Output 1.1 Deterrence Program 15
Deterrence 17
Education and communication 17
Key projects 22
Output 1.2 Detection Program 26
Output 1.3 Enforcement Program 31
Enforcement 32
Compliance 33
Advocacy 34
Management and accountability 41
Corporate governance 42
Overview 42
Corporate/operational planning and performance management 43
Corporate/operational planning and performance management 43
ASADA members 43
Senior management committees 47
Risk management 48
Ethical standards 50
Social justice and equity impacts 50
Audit and investigations 50
Financial management 51
External scrutiny 52
Management of human resources 53
Financial information 61
Summary of our financial performance 62
Discretionary grants 62
Asset management 63
Purchasing 63
Consultants 63
Ecologically sustainable development and environmental performance 65
Australian Sports Drug Medical Advisory Committee 67
Overview 68
Therapeutic approvals for banned substances 68
ASDMAC members 68
Achievements 69
International trends 70
Resources 71
Financial statements 73
Appendixes 113
Appendix A: Doping control statistics 1997–98 to 2006–07 114
Appendix B: Register of Findings 2006–07 115
Appendix C: International anti-doping and doping control 119
Appendix D: Powers of the minister to give directions to ASADA 121
Appendix E: ASADA’s functions, powers and delegations 122
Appendix F: Staffing statistics at 30 June 2007 125
Appendix G: Freedom of information 127
Appendix H: Australian Sports Drug Medical Advisory Committee – functions 130
Appendix I: Australian Sports Drug Medical Advisory Committee – therapeutic
use exemptions granted 130
List of abbreviations 133
Glossary 137
Compliance index 139
Index 142
TABLE OF CONTENTS ASADA Annual Report 2006:07
vii
Tables
Table 1: ASADA’s outcome and output structure 2006–07 8
Table 2: Resources for Outcome 1 14
Table 3: Output 1.1 Performance measures 15
Table 4: Output 1.2 Performance measures 26
Table 5: ASADA’s doping control statistics 2006–07 27
Table 6: Doping control facts and figures 2006–07 29
Table 7: Output 1.3 Performance measures 31
Table 8: ASADA member details at 30 June 2007 44
Table 9: Expenditure on new and existing contracts 2006–07 64
Table 10: Service provider contracts over $100,000 65
Table 11: ASDMAC members 69
Table 12: Breakdown of ASDMAC’s budget for 2006–07 71
Table 13: Doping control statistics 114
Table 14: Quarter 1 – Register of Findings 115
Table 15: Quarter 2 – Register of Findings 116
Table 16: Quarter 3 – Register of Findings 117
Table 17: Quarter 4 – Register of Findings 118
Table 18: Government-to-government arrangements 119
Table 19: National anti-doping organisation to national anti-doping organisation 120
Table 20: Full-time and part-time staff at 30 June 2007 125
Table 21: Staff by classification groups and location at 30 June 2007 125
Table 22: SES staff at 30 June 2007 125
Table 23: Staff in equal employment opportunity groups at 30 June 2007 125
Table 24: Salary ranges of employees 126
Table 25: Number of staff on AWAs or certified agreement 126
Table 26: Performance payments 2005–06, paid in 2006–07 126
Table 27: Therapeutic use exemption applications 2006–07 130
Table 28: Substances approved for therapeutic use 132
Figures
Figure 1: Our organisational structure 10
Figure 2: Australia’s anti-doping framework 11

AUSTRALIAN SPORTS ANTI-DOPING AUTHORITY 2007-08 ANNUAL REPORT
© Commonwealth of Australia
ISSN 1833-8976

Table of contents
Letter of transmittal iii
Guide to this report iv
Overview 1
Message from the Chair 2
About us 6
Snapshot of ASADA 6
Highlights from 2007–08 10
Outlook for 2008–09 10
Report on performance 13
Report on performance 14
Outcome 1 15
Output 1.1 – Deterrence Program 16
Deterrence 18
Output 1.2 – Detection Program 28
Detection 29
Output 1.3 – Enforcement Program 33
Enforcement 34
Management and accountability 37
Corporate governance 38
External scrutiny 48
Management of human resources 49
Financial information 55
Summary of our financial performance 56
Discretionary grants 56
Asset management 56
Purchasing 57
Engagement of consultants and contractors 57
Financial statements 60
Australian Sports Drug Medical Advisory Committee 103
Appendixes 109
Appendix A: Doping control statistics 1997–98 to 2007–08 110
Appendix B: Publicly announced anti-doping rule violations 2007–08 111
Appendix C: International anti-doping and doping control 114
Appendix D: Powers of the minister to give directions to ASADA 115
Appendix E: ASADA’s functions, powers and delegations 116
Appendix F: Staffing statistics at 30 June 2008 118
Appendix G: Occupational health and safety 121
Appendix H: Advertising and market research 122
Appendix I: Ecologically sustainable development and environmental performance 123
Appendix J: Freedom of information 124
Appendix K: Australian Sports Drug Medical Advisory Committee – functions 125
Appendix L: Australian Sports Drug Medical Advisory Committee – therapeutic use exemptions granted 127
List of abbreviations and glossary 131
Indexes 135
Tables
Table 1: Resources for Outcome 1 15
Table 2: Output 1.1 performance measures 16
Table 3: Education activities during 2007–08 20
Table 4: Output 1.2 performance measures 28
Table 5: Anti-doping tests conducted by ASADA in 2007–08 30
Table 6: Doping control facts and figures 2007–08 30
Table 7: Output 1.3 performance measures 33
Table 8: ASADA member details at 30 June 2008 40
Table 9: ASADA members’ attendance at Anti-Doping Rule Violation
Committee meetings 2007–08 42
Table 10: Expenditure on new and existing consultancy contracts 2007–08 57
Table 11: Consultancy service let during 2007–08 of $10,000 or more 58
Table 12: ASDMAC Members 105
Table 13 ASDMAC budget 2007–08 107
Table 14: Doping control statistics 110
Table 15: Publicly announced anti-doping rule violations 111
Table 16: Entries on the Register of Findings 2006–07 where the outcome was to be advised 113
Table 17: Government to government arrangements 114
Table 18: Full and part time staff at 30 June 2008 118
Table 19: Staff by classification groups and location at 30 June 2008 118
Table 20: SES staff at 30 June 2008 118
Table 21: Staff in equal employment opportunity groups at 30 June 2008 119
Table 22: Salary ranges of employees 119
Table 23: Number of staff on AWAs or certified agreement 120
Table 24: Performance payments 2006–07, paid in 2007–08 120
Table 25: Advertising and market research 122
Table 26: Therapeutic use exemption applications 2007–08 127
Table 27: Substances approved for therapeutic use 129
Figures
Figure 1: Organisational structure at 30 June 2008 8
Figure 2: Australia’s anti-doping framework 9
Figure 3: ASADA’s outcome and output structure 2007–08 14
Figure 4: Number of athletes recording anti-doping rule violations 35

AUSTRALIAN SPORTS ANTI-DOPING AUTHORITY 2008-09 ANNUAL REPORT
© Commonwealth of Australia
ISSN 1833-8976

TABLE OF contents
Letter of transmittal iii
Guide to this report iv
Overview 1
Message from the Chair 2
About us 7
Snapshot of ASADA 7
Highlights from 2008–09 14
Outlook for 2009–10 15
Report on performance 17
Outcome 1 19
Output 1.1 – Deterrence Program 21
Deterrence 22
Output 1.2 – Detection Program 30
Detection 31
Output 1.3 – Enforcement Program 37
Enforcement 38
Management and accountability 41
Corporate governance 42
External scrutiny 49
Management of human resources 51
Financial information 59
Summary of our financial performance 60
Grant programs 60
Asset management 61
Purchasing 61
Engagement of consultants and contractors 62
Financial statements 64
Australian Sports Drug Medical Advisory Committee 107

Appendixes 113
Appendix A: Doping control statistics 1998–99 to 2008–09 114
Appendix B: Publicly announced anti-doping rule violations 2008–09 115
Appendix C: International anti-doping and doping control 118
Appendix D: Powers of the Minister to give directions to ASADA 119
Appendix E: ASADA’s functions, powers and delegations 120
Appendix F: Staffing statistics at 30 June 2009 122
Appendix G: Occupational health and safety 125
Appendix H: Advertising and market research 126
Appendix I: Ecologically sustainable development and environmental performance 127
Appendix J: Freedom of information 128
Appendix K: Australian Sports Drug Medical Advisory Committee – functions 131
Appendix L: Australian Sports Drug Medical Advisory Committee – Therapeutic Use
Exemptions granted 132
Appendix M: ASADA Resource Statement 2008–09 135
Abbreviations and glossary 137
Indexes 143
Tables
Table 1: ASADA member details at 30 June 2009 11
Table 2: ASADA members’ attendance at ADRV Committee meetings 2008–09 13
Table 3: Resources for Outcome 1 19
Table 4: Output Group 1.1 – Deterrence Program 21
Table 5: Education activities during 2008–09 23
Table 6: ASADA Hotline calls 25
Table 7: Output Group 1.2 – Detection Program 30
Table 8: Doping control facts and figures 2008–09 32
Table 9: Tests conducted by ASADA in 2008–09 33
Table 10: Output Group 1.3 – Enforcement Program 37
Table 11: Expenditure on new and existing consultancy contracts 2008–09 62
Table 12: Consultancy services let during 2008–09 of $10,000 or more 62
Table 13: ASDMAC members 109
Table 14: ASDMAC budget 2008–09 111
Table 15: Doping control statistics 114
Table 16: Publicly announced anti-doping rule violations 115
Table 17: Entries on Register of Findings 2007–08 where the outcome was to be advised 117
Table 18: Government-to-government arrangements 118
Table 19: Full-time and part-time staff at 30 June 2009 122
Table 20: Staff by classification groups and location at 30 June 2009 122
Table 21: SES staff at 30 June 2009 122
Table 22: Staff in equal employment opportunity groups at 30 June 2009 123
Table 23: Salary ranges of employees 123
Table 24: Number of staff on collective agreement, Section 24(1) Determinations or AWAs 123
Table 25: Agency performance payments 2007–08, paid in 2008–09 124
Table 26: Advertising and market research 126
Table 27: ASADA freedom of information statistics 130
Table 28: Therapeutic Use Exemption applications 2008–09 132
Table 29: Substances approved for therapeutic use 134
Table 30: ASADA Resource Statement 135
Figures
Figure 1: Organisational structure at 30 June 2009 9
Figure 2: Australia’s anti-doping framework 10
Figure 3: ASADA’s outcome and output structure 2008–09 18
Figure 4: Number of athletes recording anti-doping rule violations 39

AUSTRALIAN SPORTS ANTI-DOPING AUTHORITY 2009:10 ANNUAL REPORT
© Commonwealth of Australia
ISSN 1833-8976

Table of contents
Letter of transmittal iii
Guide to this report iv
Purpose iv
Structure iv
Access iv
Organisational overview 1
Message from the CEO 2
Building awareness 2
Assisting sporting organisations 3
Detection 4
Enforcement 4
Governance 5
The year ahead 5
About ASADA 7
Legislative basis 7
Role and functions 7
Goals 8
Amendments to legislation 8
Australia’s new anti-doping framework 9
ASADA members 11
Anti-Doping Rule Violation Committee 12
Highlights of 2009–10 14
Outlook for next year 15
Report on performance 17
Outcome and program structure 18
Outcome and program change 18
Program 1.1 – Deterrence, detection and enforcement 20
Deliverables 20
Key performance indicators 23
Building awareness 25
Education 28
Partnerships 29
Assisting sporting organisations 32
Sports forums 32
Liaison with national sporting bodies 33
International engagement 34
Other international engagements 36
Detection 37
National testing program 37
Pure Performance programs 38
User-pays tests 38
The Tank 39
Accreditation of Doping Control Officers and Chaperones 40
Athlete whereabouts 41
Enforcement 43
Management and accountability 47
Corporate governance 48
Corporate and operational planning 48
Organisational structure and Senior Executive arrangements 49
Governance committees 50
Audit Committee 50
Occupational Health and Safety Committee 51
Workplace Consultative Committee 51
Senior Management Group 51
Risk management 52
Operational and financial risks 52
Business Continuity Management 53
Fraud risk 53
Information Technology risks 53
Ethical standards 54
Social justice and equity impacts 54
Internal audits 54
Record keeping 55
Quality management 55
Customer Service Charter 56
External scrutiny 57
Significant developments 57
Decisions and reports 57
Management of human resources 58
Workforce planning 58
Attraction and retention 59
Employment agreements 59
Section 24(1) determinations 60
Non-salary benefits 60
Performance Management System 60
Peer recognition 60
Staff consultation 61
Learning and development 61
Workplace diversity 63
Commonwealth Disability Strategy 63
Occupational health and safety 63
Financial information 65
Summary of financial performance 2009–10 66
Grant programs 66
Asset management 67
Purchasing 67
Engagement of consultants and contractors 68
Consultants 68
Competitive tendering and contracting 69
Auditor-General access 69
Exempt contracts 69
Financial statements 71
Anti-Doping Rule Violation Panel 117
Overview 118
ADRVP members 119
Resources 121
Australian Sports Drug Medical Advisory Committee 123
Overview 124
Therapeutic approvals for prohibited substances 124
ASDMAC members 125
Achievements 127
Resources 128
Freedom of information procedures and ASDMAC contact details 128
External scrutiny – judicial decisions and appeals 129
Federal Court of Australia 129
WADA appeals 129
Appendixes 131
Appendix A: Doping control statistics 1999–00 to 2009–10 132
Appendix B: Publicly announced anti-doping rule violations 2009–10 133
Appendix C: International anti-doping and doping control 136
Appendix D: Powers of the Minister to give directions to ASADA and the CEO 137
Appendix E: ASADA and CEO functions, powers and delegations 138
Appendix F: Staffing statistics at 30 June 2010 141
Appendix G: Occupational health and safety 143
Appendix H: Advertising and market research 144
Appendix I: Ecologically sustainable development and environmental performance 145
Principles of the legislation 145
Measures taken to minimise environmental impact 145
Appendix J: Freedom of information 146
Organisation and functions of ASADA 146
Decision-making powers 146
Authorised freedom of information decision makers 146
Arrangements for consulting external bodies or people 146
Categories of documents 147
ASADA ANNUAL REPORT 2009:10
Facilities for the public to obtain physical access to ASADA documents 148
Departmental manuals 148
Freedom of information procedures and ASADA contact details 148
Appendix K: Australian Sports Drug Medical Advisory Committee – functions 149
Appendix L: Australian Sports Drug Medical Advisory Committee – Therapeutic Use
Exemptions granted 151
Appendix M: Anti-Doping Rule Violation Panel – functions 155
Appendix N: Expenses and resources for Outcome 1 156
Appendix O: ASADA Resource Statement 2009–10 157
Abbreviations and glossary 159
Abbreviations 160
Glossary 161
Indexes 165
Compliance index 166
Alphabetical index 170
Tables
Table 1: ASADA members’ details at 31 December 2009 11
Table 2: ASADA members’ attendance at ADRV Committee meetings, July – December 2009 13
Table 3: Program 1.1 qualitative deliverables 20
Table 4: Program 1.1 quantitative deliverables 22
Table 5: Program 1.1 qualitative key performance indicators 23
Table 6: Program 1.1 quantitative key performance indicators 24
Table 7: Check Your Substances visitors and searches 27
Table 8: ASADA hotline calls 27
Table 9: Education activities undertaken during 2009–10 29
Table 10: Anti-doping tests conducted by ASADA in 2009–10 39
Table 11: Doping control facts and figures 2009–10 40
Table 12: Substances involved in anti-doping matters 2009–10 43
Table 13: Breakdown of anti-doping rule violations 2009–10 44
Table 14: Expenditure on new and existing consultancy contracts 2009–10 68
Table 15: Consultancy services let during 2009–10 of $10 000 or more 68
Table 16: Interim ADRVP – 1 January 2010 to 31 March 2010 120
Table 17: ADRVP – 1 April 2010 to 30 June 2010 120
Table 18: ADRVP expenses 2009–10 121
Table 19: ASDMAC members 125
Table 20: ASDMAC expenses 2009–10 128
Table 21: ASDMAC freedom of information statistics 129
Table 22: Doping control statistics 132
Table 23: Publicly announced anti-doping rule violations 133
Table 24: Entries on Register of Findings 2008–09 where the outcomes were to be advised 135
Table of CONTENTS ASADA ANNUAL REPORT 2009:10
Table 25: Government-to-government arrangements 136
Table 26: Full-time and part-time staff at 30 June 2010 141
Table 27: Staff by classification groups and location at 30 June 2010 141
Table 28: SES staff at 30 June 2010 141
Table 29: Staff in equal employment opportunity groups at 30 June 2010 142
Table 30: Salary ranges of employees 142
Table 31: Number of staff in the collective agreement or Section 24(1) determinations 142
Table 32: Advertising and market research 144
Table 33: ASADA freedom of information statistics 148
Table 34: Therapeutic Use Exemption applications 2009–10 151
Table 35: Substances and methods approved for therapeutic use 2009–10 154
Table 36: Expenses and resources for Outcome 1 156
Table 37: ASADA Resource Statement 157
Figures
Figure 1: Australia’s new anti-doping framework 10
Figure 2: Outcome and program structure 2009–10 18
Figure 3: Outcome and program transition 19
Figure 4: Number of athletes and support personnel recording anti-doping rule violations 45
Figure 5: Organisational structure at 30 June 2010