USADA 2005 Annual Report / United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA). - Colorado Springs : USADA, 2006

World Anti-Doping Agency 2005 annual report / World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). - Montreal : WADA, 2006

Contents
WADA’s Mission, Vision & Priorities 3
WADA Executive Committee & Foundation Board 5
Chairman’s Letter to Stakeholders 9
Director General’s Letter to Stakeholders 11
Code Acceptance, Implementation & Compliance 13
Science & Medicine 14
Anti-Doping Coordination 15
Anti-Doping Development 17
Education 18
Communications 19
Out-of-Competition Testing 20
Management Report 22
Financial Statements 24
WADA Offices Worldwide 40

Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage (AFLD): 2005 Rapport d’activité

SOMMAIRE
AVANT-PROPOS 5
SYNTHESE 7

I. LES ACTEURS ET LES RÈGLES EN 2005 11
A. LES ACTEURS ET LES MOYENS DE LA PRÉVENTION ET DE LA LUTTE CONTRE LE DOPAGE 13
1. Des acteurs multiples 13
2. Les moyens budgétaires de la lutte contre le dopage 15
B. L’ACTIVITE RÉGLEMENTAIRE DU CONSEIL 18
1. Les recommandations et propositions de mesures tendant à prévenir ou à combattre le dopage 18
2. Les avis sur les projets de textes législatifs et réglementaires 19

II. EN 2006, DE NOUVELLES REGLES DU JEU POUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LE
DOPAGE 21
A. UNE CONVENTION INTERNATIONALE 23
1. Pourquoi une convention internationale ? 23
2. Les principales dispositions de la convention 24
3. Les étapes préalables à l’entrée en vigueur de la convention 25
B. UN NOUVEAU CADRE LEGISLATIF 26
1. Le CPLD devient l’AFLD 26
2. Des compétences élargies 28
3. Les partenaires de l’AFLD 32

III. LA DETECTION DU DOPAGE 35
A. LES PRODUITS ET PROCÉDÉS DOPANTS 37
1. Les critères du dopage 37
2. Rappel des produits et procédés interdits 37
3. Les modifications apportées aux listes 2005 et 2006 39
4. Des critiques qui persistent… 39
B. LES OPÉRATIONS DE CONTRÔLE ET D’ANALYSE 42
1. Quel est le déroulement d’un contrôle antidopage ? 42
2. Les différents types de prélèvements et d’analyses 43
C. LES RÉSULTATS DES CONTRÔLES RÉALISÉS EN2005 44
1. L’évolution globale du nombre de contrôles : un niveau qui reste élevé, malgré
une légère diminution 44
2. La poursuite de la baisse du taux de contrôles positifs 44

III. L’ACTIVITE DISCIPLINAIRE 49
A. LA RÉPARTITION DE L’ACTIVITÉ DISCIPLINAIRE ENTRE LES FÉDÉRATIONS SPORTIVES ET LE CPLD 51
B. LES SANCTIONS PRONONCÉES PAR LE CPLD 54
1. Analyse des décisions prises par le CPLD en 2005 54
2. Présentation de la jurisprudence du Conseil d’Etat relative aux décisions du CPLD depuis sa création 68

IV. LA PRÉVENTION ET LA RECHERCHE 81
A. LA PRÉVENTION 83
1. Les travaux des commissions 83
2. Les projets soutenus ou mis en oeuvre par le CPLD 84
B. LA RECHERCHE EN MATIÈRE DE LUTTE CONTRE LE DOPAGE 89
1. L’activité scientifique du CPLD 89
2. L’enregistrement des dossiers de justificatifs médicaux 98
ANNEXES 101

Finnish Anti-Doping Agency annual report 2005 / FINADA

INDEX
CHAIRMAN’S REVIEW 5
ADMINISTRATION 6
General meetings 6
Board 6
Supervisory Group 6
Offi ce 6
DOPING CONTROL 6
Doping testing 6
Therapeutic use exemptions 6
Quality management 6
EDUCATION AND TRAINING 7
INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES 8
The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) 8
The Council of Europe 8
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 8
Association of National Anti-Doping Organization (ANADO) 8
International Anti-Doping Arragement (IADA) 8
Nordic co-operation 8
COMMUNICATIONS 9
Events 9
The IAAF World Championships 9
International Paralympic Committee (IPC) Open European championships in Athletics 9
FINADA materials 9
Media co-operation 9
RESEARCH 11
FINANCES 11
Key events during and after the financial year 11
Future developments
Extent of research and development 11
APPENDICES 12

Baseball’s Doping Crisis and New Anti-Doping Program / James A.R. Nafziger. – (International Sports Law Journal (2006) 1-2 : p. 10-13)

Content:
1.) Baseball’s Doping Crisis
2.) Major League Baseball’s Response to the Crisis and Its Significance
2a.) MLB’s Response
2a-1.) The 2002 Program
2a-2.) Public Opinion
2a-3.) The 2005 Program
2b.) The Significance of MLB’s Response in the Process of Globalization

The most significant issue confronting professional baseball has been the use by players of performance-enhancing drugs. The widespread use of steroids, in particular, led to a doping crisis in the sport and irresistible pressures for reform emanating from congressional hearings in the United States on the crisis.
As a result, MLB first accepted minimum testing procedures and sanctions against doping in 2002 and then, under continuing public and congressional pressures, rapidly instituted a respectable program of testing and sanctions in 2005. Frontier issues involving difficult-to-detect and undetectable drugs remain to be resolved in the future. What may be particularly significant about baseball’s new program is not simply its rapid development under pressure but its growing conformity with the standards and procedures of international sports law-a significant development, given the independent role of player contracts and collective bargaining in professional baseball.
This study first summarizes baseball’s doping crisis, then discusses MLB’s response to it and the significance of the response in the context of international sports law and the globalizing process.

Doping-Bilanz der NADA für den Deutschen Sport 2005 / Nationale Anti Doping Agentur Deutschland (NADA). - Bonn : NADA, 2006

Jay R. Hoffman and Nicholas A. Ratamess
The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA
Received: 10 February 2006 / Accepted: 09 March 2006 / Published (online): 01 June 2006

For the past 50 years anabolic steroids have been at the forefront of the controversy surrounding performance enhancing drugs. For almost half of this time no attempt was made by sports governing
bodies to control its use, and only recently have all of the major sports governing bodies in North America agreed to ban from competition and punish athletes who test positive for anabolic steroids. These punitive measures were developed with the primary concern for promotion of fair play and eliminating potential
health risks associated with androgenic-anabolic steroids. Yet, controversy exists whether these testing programs deter anabolic steroid use. Although the scope of this paper does not focus on the effectiveness of testing, or the issue of fair play, it is of interest to understand why many athletes underestimate the health
risks associated from these drugs. What creates further curiosity is the seemingly well-publicized health hazards that the medical community has depicted concerning anabolic steroid abuse. Is there something that the athletes know, or are they simply naïve regarding the dangers? The focus of this review is to
provide a brief history of anabolic steroid use in North America, the prevalence of its use in both athletic and recreational populations and its efficacy. Primary discussion will focus on health issues associated with anabolic steroid use with an examination of the contrasting views held between the medical community and the athletes that are using these ergogenic drugs. Existing data suggest that in certain circumstances the medical risk associated with anabolic steroid use may have been somewhat exaggerated,
possibly to dissuade use in athletes.

http://www.jssm.org

by Soek, Jan Willem
Doctoral Thesis
Erasmus University Rotterdam: Erasmus School of Law (ESL)

Athletes who achieve extraordinary feats on the pitch stir up the imagination and enjoy a unique position within society. However, laurels received one day, may be just as quickly snatched back the next if it becomes known that the athlete achieved his or her exceptional performance with the aid of doping. Manipulating the body by the use of substances and methods that unnaturally enhance athletic performance is considered a violation of several fundamental principles related to sport. The arguments by which sports organisations have sought to justify their fight against doping have been discussed in Chapter 1. Doping is considered a health risk, but also a threat to both athlete’s integrity and that of sport as a whole, and consequently, given the position in society occupied by sport, of that of society itself. None of these arguments, however, is entirely convincing. Perhaps this is why many sports organisations have declined to state reasons for their anti-doping policies in their anti-doping regulations. The fight against doping in sport is considered self-evident and the arguments which are advanced in its favour merely serve to illustrate this fact. It was only a relatively short time ago that the systematic fight against doping in sport through legal rules began. As a separate body of disciplinary law besides their regular disciplinary rules the sports organisations established special anti-doping regulations for the prosecution and punishment of doping offences. As opposed to under general disciplinary law where unwritten minimum standards usually apply, the disciplinary law of doping uses detailed material rules which define the act of doping and the way in which it is to be punished. As such, the disciplinary law concerning doping resembles the statutory disciplinary rules that exist for certain professions, but is also comparable to public punitive law. What sets disciplinary doping law apart however is that the material rules do not aim to regulate the actual exercise of a profession, but are based on the ideological aspects which prevail in the environment where an athlete's activities take place. In disciplinary doping law, for example, there are hardly any examples of professional error, but rather of acts which undermine the image and ethics of the sport. This is an aspect which it has in common with criminal law. Disciplinary doping law which mainly aims to regulate the relevant offences and their prosecution and punishment should therefore be organised along the same lines as criminal law and entitle athletes to certain rights to counter the demands of the collective. This is necessary, as in sport the interests of the collective are often valued above those of the individual.