Rapport d'activité 2018 / Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage (AFLD). - Paris : AFLD, 2019

Raport de Activitate 2016 / National Anti-Doping Agency of Romania. - Bucharest : Agenţia Naţională Anti-Doping (ANAD), 2017

Analytical progresses of the World Anti-Doping Agency Olympic laboratories : a 2016 update from London to Rio / Ioanna Athanasiadou, Sven Voss, Emmanouil Lyris, Amina Aljaber, Mohammed Alsayrafi, Costas Georgakopoulos. - (Bioanalysis 8 (2016) 21 (November); p. 2265-2279)

• PMID: 27665839
• DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0185

Abstract

The 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games, the biggest event in human sports, was held in Rio de Janeiro with more than 10,500 athletes from 206 countries over the world competing for the highest of sports honors, an Olympic medal. With the hope that the Olympic ideal accompanies all aspects of the XXXI Olympiad, WADA accredited antidoping laboratories use the spearhead of analytical technology as a powerful tool in the fight against doping. This review summarizes the main analytical developments applied in antidoping testing methodology combined with the main amendments on the WADA regulations regarding analytical testing starting from the 2012 London Olympics until the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro.

Annual banned-substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing / Mario Thevis, Tiia Kuuranne, Katja Walpurgis, Hans Geyer, Wilhelm Schänzer. - (Drug Testing and Analysis 8 (2016) 1 (January); p. 7-29)

• PMID: 26767774
• DOI: 10.1002/dta.1928

Abstract

The aim of improving anti-doping efforts is predicated on several different pillars, including, amongst others, optimized analytical methods. These commonly result from exploiting most recent developments in analytical instrumentation as well as research data on elite athletes' physiology in general, and pharmacology, metabolism, elimination, and downstream effects of prohibited substances and methods of doping, in particular. The need for frequent and adequate adaptations of sports drug testing procedures has been incessant, largely due to the uninterrupted emergence of new chemical entities but also due to the apparent use of established or even obsolete drugs for reasons other than therapeutic means, such as assumed beneficial effects on endurance, strength, and regeneration capacities. Continuing the series of annual banned-substance reviews, literature concerning human sports drug testing published between October 2014 and September 2015 is summarized and reviewed in reference to the content of the 2015 Prohibited List as issued by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), with particular emphasis on analytical approaches and their contribution to enhanced doping controls.

Annual banned-substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing / Mario Thevis, Tiia Kuuranne, Hans Geyer, Wolhelm Schänzer. - (Drug testing and analysis 9 (2017) 1 (January) : p. 6-29)

• PMID: 27885819
• DOI: 10.1002/dta.2139

Contents:

• Introduction
• Non-approved substances
• Anabolic agents
  
  • Anabolic-androgenic steroids
  • Iitial testing procedures – multi-analyte screening methods and alternative chromatographic- mass spectrometric techniques
  • Initial testing procedures – metabolism studies and new target analytes
    • Steroid profiling
    • Alternative test methods and approaches
    • Other anabolic agents
  • Peptide hormones, growth factors and related subsances
    • Hyoxia-iducible factor stabilizers and activators
    • Growth hormone
    • Corticotrophins, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and other growth or releasing factors
  • Beta-2-agonists
  • Hormone and metabolic modulators
• Diuretics and other masking agents
• Stimulants
• Narcotics and glucocorticoids
• Manipulation of blood and blood components
• Chemical and physical manipulation
• Gene doping
• Conclusion
• References

 Abstract

There has been an immense amount of visibility of doping issues on the international stage over the past 12 months with the complexity of doping controls reiterated on various occasions. Hence, analytical test methods continuously being updated, expanded, and improved to provide specific, sensitive, and comprehensive test results in line with the World Anti-Doping Agency's (WADA) 2016 Prohibited List represent one of several critical cornerstones of doping controls. This enterprise necessitates expediting the (combined) exploitation of newly generated information on novel and/or superior target analytes for sports drug testing assays, drug elimination profiles, alternative test matrices, and recent advances in instrumental developments. This paper is a continuation of the series of annual banned-substance reviews appraising the literature published between October 2015 and September 2016 concerning human sports drug testing in the context of WADA's 2016 Prohibited List.

Annual banned-substance review : analytical approaches in human sports drug testing / Mario Thevis, Tiia Kuuranne, Hans Geyer. - (Drug testing and analysis 10 (2018) 1 (January); p. 9-27)

• PMID: 29149502
• DOI: 10.1002/dta.2336

Contents:

• Introduction
• Non-Approved Substances
• Anabolic Agents
  • Anabolic-androgenic steroids
  • Initial testing procedures – metabolism studies and new target analytes
  • Steroid profiling
  • Confirmatory testing procedures - isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS)
  • Alternative test methods and approaches
  • Other anabolic agents
• Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances, and mimetics
  • Erythropoietin-receptor agonists
  • Hypoxia-inducible factor stabilizers and activators
  • Growth hormone and its releasing factors
  • Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), and corticotrophin releasing factors
• β2‐Agonists
• Hormone and Metabolic Modulators
• Diuretics and other Masking Agents
• Stimulants, Narcotics, Cannaboinoids, and Glucocorticoids
• Manipulation of Blood and Blood Components
• Gene Doping
• Conclusion
  
  

Abstract

Several high-profile revelations concerning anti-doping rule violations over the past 12 months have outlined the importance of tackling prevailing challenges and reducing the limitations of the current anti-doping system. At this time, the necessity to enhance, expand, and improve analytical test methods in response to the substances outlined in the World Anti-Doping Agency's (WADA) Prohibited List represents an increasingly crucial task for modern sports drug-testing programs. The ability to improve analytical testing methods often relies on the expedient application of novel information regarding superior target analytes for sports drug-testing assays, drug elimination profiles, alternative test matrices, together with recent advances in instrumental developments. This annual banned-substance review evaluates literature published between October 2016 and September 2017 offering an in-depth evaluation of developments in these arenas and their potential application to substances reported in WADA's 2017 Prohibited List.

Annual banned-substance review: Analytical approaches in human sports drug testing / Mario Thevis, Tiia Kuuranne, Hans Geyer. - (Drug Testing and Analysis 11 (2019) 1 (January; p. 8-26)

• PMID: 30488582
• DOI: 10.1002/dta.2549

Contents:

• Introduction
• Non-Approved Substances
• Anabolic Agents
  • Anabolic-androgenic steroids
  • Initial testing procedures: Comprehensive screening, metabolism studies, and new target analytes
  • Steroid profiling
  • Confirmatory testing procedures – IRMS
  • Other anabolic agents
• Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances, and Mimetics
  • Erythropoietin-receptor agonists
  • Hypoxia-inducible factor stabilizers and activators
  • Transforming growth factor-beta (TGR- β) inhibitors
  • Growth hormone, its fragments and releasing factors, and chorionic gonadotrophin
•  β2‐Agonists
• Hormone and Metabolic Modulators
• Diuretics and other Masking Agents, Stimulants, Narcotics, and Glucocorticoids
• Chemical and Physical Manipulation / Gene Doping
• Monitoring Program
• Conclusion
  
  

Abstract

A number of high profile revelations concerning anti‐doping rule violations over the past 12 months have outlined the importance of tackling prevailing challenges and reducing the limitations of the current anti‐doping system. At this time, the necessity to enhance, expand, and improve analytical test methods in response to the substances outlined in the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List represents an increasingly crucial task for modern sports drug testing programs. The ability to improve analytical testing methods often relies on the expedient application of novel information regarding superior target analytes for sports drug testing assays, drug elimination profiles, and alternative sample matrices, together with recent advances in instrumental developments. This annual banned‐substance review evaluates literature published between October 2017 and September 2018 offering an in‐depth evaluation of developments in these arenas and their potential application to substances reported in WADA's 2018 Prohibited List.

Annual banned-substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing / Mario Thevis, Tiia Kuuranne, Hans Geyer. - (Drug testing and analysis 12 (2020) 1 (January); p. 7-26)

• PMID: 31724288
• DOI: 10.1002/dta.2735

Contents:

• Introduction
• Anabolic Agents
  • Anabolic-androgenic steroids
  • Initial testing procedures: Comprehensive screening, metabolism studies
  • Steroid profiling in urine and serum
  • Confirmatory testing procedures – IRMS
  • Other anabolic agents
• Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances, and Mimetics
  • Erythropoietin-receptor agonists and transforming growth factor-beta (TGR- β) inhibitors)
  • Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activating agents
  • Growth hormone, its fragments and releasing factors, chorionic gonadotrophin and luteinizing hormone (LH)
• β2‐Agonists
• Hormone and Metabolic Modulators
• Diuretics and other Masking Agents, Stimulants, Narcotics, beta-blockers
• Manipulation of blood and blood components
• Gene Doping
• Conclusion

Abstract

Within the complex construct of today's anti-doping work, continuously updated routine doping controls as well as advancements in sampling and analysis have been of particular relevance and importance. New analytes of existing classes of prohibited substances are frequently included into sports drug testing assays, analytical approaches are optimized to allow for better sensitivities, selectivity, and/or faster turnaround times, and research dedicated to addressing analytical issues concerning scenarios of both (potentially) inadvertent doping and new emerging doping agents is constantly conducted. By way of reviewing and summarizing, this annual banned-substance review evaluates literature published between October 2018 and September 2019 offering an in-depth evaluation of developments in these arenas and their potential application to substances reported in WADA's 2019 Prohibited List.