Affidavit David Zabriskie [USADA vs Lance Armstrong October 10, 2012]
October 4, 2012

Mr. David Zabriskie is a professional cyclist from 1999 through 2013 and rode in the professional teams of 7-UP/Colorado Cyclist, U.S. Postal Service Tea, Team CSC and Slipstream-Chipotle.

Zabriskie admitted he used Erythropoietin (EPO), testosterone and growth hormone (hGH).
He testified to USADA about the widespread trafficking, distribution and use of prohibited substances and methods in the U.S. Postal Service Team, his involvement and the involvement of Lance Armstrong, accompliced riders, medical doctors and officials.

Facts
The International Equestrian Federation (FEI) alleges Ali Nilforushan (the athlete) for a violation of the Anti-Doping Rules. Mr. Ali Nilforushan (the "Athlete") participated at the CSI2*- W, in Thermal CA, United States from 28 February to 3 March 2012 (the "Event"), in the discipline of Jumping. On 3 March 2012, the Athlete was selected for in-competition testing. His sample showed the presence of Phentermine, Hydrochlorothiazide and Carboxy-THC ("THC"), which are Prohibited Substances according to the 2012 Prohibited List of the World Anti-Doping Agency.

History
On 24 April 2012, the Athlete submitted a statement of the same
day by Dr. E. Michael Tachuk of Viva Wellness Medical Group, by which the latter confirmed having prescribed Phentermine 37,5 mg and Hydrochlorthiazide to the Athlete "as part of a comprehensive weight loss program." He had never received any Anti-Doping education, he had no idea that the three Substances detected were Prohibited Substances. During the Preliminary Hearing on 27 April 2012, the Athlete waived his right to have the B-Sample analysis performed.

Considerations panel
Multiple substances may generally be considered as an aggravating circumstance, however in this case there is no basis to increase sanctions due to the fact that the Athlete admitted the anti-doping rule violation promptly.

Decision
As a consequence of the foregoing, the Tribunal decides to impose the following sanctions on the Athlete:
1) The Athlete shall be suspended for a period of 12 months to be effective immediately and without further notice from the date of the notification. The Period of Ineligibility is deemed to have started on the date of Sample collection on 3 March 2012. Therefore, the Athlete shall be ineligible through 2 March 2013.
2) The Athlete is fined CHF 1000,-.

Costs
The Athlete shall contribute CHF 2000,- towards the legal costs of the judicial procedure.

No Athlete who has been declared Ineligible may, during the period of Ineligibility, participate in any capacity in a Competition or activity (other than authorized anti-doping education or rehabilitation programs) that is authorized or organized by the FEI or any National Federation or be present at an Event (other than as a spectator) that is authorized or organized by the FEI or any National Federation, or participate in any capacity in Competitions authorized or organized by any international or national-level Event organization (Article 10.10.1 of the ADRHA). Under Article 10.10.2 of the ADRHA, specific consequences are foreseen for a violation of the period of Ineligibility.
According to Article 168.4 of the GRs, the present Decision is effective from the day of written notification to the persons and
bodies concerned.

Appeal
In accordance with Article 12 of the ADRHA, the Athlete and the FEI may appeal against this decision by lodging an appeal with the Court of Arbitration for Sport within 30 days of receipt hereof.

Monfort N, Ventura R, Platen P, Hinrichs T, Brixius K, Schänzer W, Thevis M, Geyer H, Segura J.Transfusion. 2012 Mar;52(3):647-57. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03331.x. Epub 2011 Sep 2.
Bioanalysis Research Group, IMIM Hospital del Mar Research Institute, the Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.

BACKGROUND:
Misuse of autologous blood transfusions in sports remains undetectable. The metabolites of the plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) were recently proposed as markers of blood transfusion, based on high urinary concentrations of these compounds observed in patients subjected to blood transfusion. This study evaluates DEHP metabolites in urine for detecting autologous blood transfusion.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:
One blood bag was drawn from moderately trained subjects and the red blood cells (RBCs) were reinfused after different storage periods. Group 1 (12 subjects) was reinfused after 14 days, and Group 2 (13 subjects), after 28 days of storage. Urine samples were collected before and after reinfusion for determination of the concentrations of three DEHP metabolites, mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl)phthalate, and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)phthalate.

RESULTS:
Concentrations of DEHP metabolites on the days before reinfusion were in agreement with those described after common environmental exposure. A few hours after the reinfusion a significant increase was observed for all metabolites in all volunteers. Concentrations 1 day later were still higher (p < 0.05) than before reinfusion. Variations in urine dilution supported normalization by specific gravity. Concentrations of DEHP metabolites tended to be higher after longer storage times of RBCs.

CONCLUSION:
Autologous transfusion with RBCs stored in plastic bags provokes an acute increase in the urinary concentrations of DEHP metabolites, allowing the detection of this doping malpractice. The window of detection is approximately 2 days. The method might be applied to urine samples submitted for antidoping testing.

The South African Institute for Drug-Free Sport (SAIDS) has reported an anti-doping rule violation against the Athlete after her sample tested positive for the prohibited substance methylhexaneamine.
After notification a provisional suspension was ordered and the Athlete was heard for the Disciplinary Committee.

The Athlete pleaded guilty and her father explained that she had ingested a supplement which she obtained from a friend of her father.
The Committee is comfortably satisfied that there was no intention to enhance performance which was corroborated by her father’s evidence that she was sick from the flu and sought merely an immune booster.

The SAIDS Disciplinary Committee decides to impose a 6 month period of ineligibility on the Athlete starting on the date of the provisional suspension and ending on 21 August 2012 the date of the decision.

The Féderation Internationale de Natation (FINA) has reported an anti-doping rule violation against the Swimmer after she missed three doping tests by not being available for testing within the required 1 hour time slot.
After notified by FINA in July 2012 the Swimmer filed a statement in her defence and was heard for the FINA Doping Panel in August 2012.
The Swimmer stated she had difficulties in her sports career and changes in life which seriously troubled her.
The Panel concludes the Swimmer continuously neglected her duties during a period of 6 months. She was repeatedly warned of the consequences of her conduct through letters from FINA.
The Panel finds the Swimmer’s statement not convincing and her behavior has shown a degree of negligence and lack of interest. Therefore the FINA Doping Panel decides to impose a 2 year period of ineligibility on the Swimmer starting on 1 September 2012.

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2012, 9:28
Paolo Borrione, Marta Rizzo, Federico Quaranta, Emanuela Ciminelli, Federica Fagnani, Attilio Parisi and Fabio Pigozzi

Background: A growing consumption of natural (plant-derived) dietary supplements with ergogenic aims, with particular regard for ecdysteroids, phytoestrogens and vegetal sterols, has been registered over the last years among “recreational” athletes. The present study was carried out in order to evaluate the real knowledge of plant-derived nutritional supplements among physically active people as well as their real consumption. Additional aim was to evaluate the effects of these supplements on the health profile of the users.

Methods: Twenty-three trained subjects who habitually used natural dietary supplements, and 30 matched controls
were analyzed for plasma biochemical markers and hormonal profile.
Results: The laboratory tests revealed the absence of any sign of organ toxicity/damage in both athletes and controls. On the contrary, hormone profiles revealed marked alterations in 15 (65%) out of the 23 of investigated athletes. Specifically, 10 males presented increased plasma levels of progesterone, 15 subjects presented abnormal estrogen levels, including 5 (2 F and 3 M) presenting a “dramatic” increased estrogen values and 2 two males with increased estrogen levels, increased testosterone levels and associated suppression of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone.

Conclusions: The results of the present study highlighted that the habitual consumption of plant-derived nutritional supplements is frequently associated with significant hormonal alterations both in male and female subjects. Although these biochemical alterations were not associated with signs or symptoms of organ toxicity/
damage at the moment of the study, it cannot be excluded that, in the mid/long-term, these subjects would suffer of health problems secondary to chronic exposure to heavily altered hormonal levels. Further large scale studies are needed to confirm the results of this pilot study as well as to investigate the biological mechanisms at the base of the observed hormonal alterations.

Annual Report 2012 / South African Institute for Drugfree Sport (SAIDS). - Cape Town : SAIDS, 2012
ISBN: 978-0-621-40324-4

On May 2012 the International Skating Union (ISU) has reported an anti-doping rule violation against the Russian Athlete Pavel Kulizhnikov after his sample tested positive for the prohibited substance methylhexaneamine. After notification the Athlete filed a statement in his defence.

The Athlete submitted that due to a cold with fever he used a herbal medicine Umkalor for the treatment of his respiratory disease and he checked the ingredients of the product before using. The Athlete stated that he stopped using the medicine a few day before arriving in Japan on 21 February 2012.
The Athlete asserted that the positive test result could have been caused only by Umkalor because it contained the ingredient “pelagonium sidoides”, the Latin name for geranium (methylhexaneamine). However the Montreal laboratorium reported that “pelargonium sidoides” in the Umkalor is not known to contain the substance methylhexaneamine.
In addition the Tokyo laboratory reported that the concentration methylhexaneamine found in the Athletes sample cannot be explained by the use of Umkalor. With Umkalor excluded as the source of the prohibited substance, the ISU requested the Russian team physician for a detailed list of the nutritional supplements and drugs provided to the Athlete from 21 February to 4 March 2012. Nevertheless none of the products on the list could explain the positive test result.

Therefore the ISU Disciplinary Commission concludes that the Athlete could not establish how the prohibited substance entered his body and that there are no grounds for exceptional circumstances.
Therefore the ISU Discilinary Commission decides 31 August 2012 to impose a 2 year period of ineligibility on the Athlete, starting on the date of the sample collection, i.e. on 4 March 2012.

Facts
The UK Anti-Doping Organization (UKAD) charged Simon Carty (respondent) for a violation of the British Bobsleigh Association's (BBA) Anti-Doping Rules (ADR). On 28 February 2012, the Respondent provided sample for doping control purposes. His sample tested positive for for the prohibited substance clenbuterol. On 8 April 2012, the Respondent requested the matter be referred to the National Anti-Doping Panel ("NADP") for hearing and determination in accordance with the ADR and NADP procedural rules.

History
The Respondent hereby admits the use of the prohibited substance clenbuterol during January and February 2012. This use occurred via the respondent's intentional consumption of a tablet-form weight loss product that he understood to be a Chinese manufactured "fat burner", whilst recovering from surgery.

The parties have proposed a resolution of the matter, subject to the approval of the NADP Tribunal.

Decision
1. Respondent admits the use of the prohibited substance clenbutorol.
2. Respondent admits the violation of the BBA ADR.
3. As a consequence, a period of Ineligibility is imposed upon the Respondent of two years.
4. During tho two year period of ineligibility: the Respondent may not participate In any capacity in any Competition, Event or other activity (other than authorized anti-doping education or rehabilitation programs) organized, convened, authorized or recognized by (a) the BBA or any body that is a member of, or affiliated to, or licensed by the BBA; (b) and Signatory; (c) any club or other body that is a member organixation; or (d) any professional league or any international or national level Event organization. In addition, save where the
Anti-Doping Rule Violation involved only a Specified Substance, some or all financial support or benefits (if any) that the BBA might have otherwise provided to the Participant shall be withheld. In addition, the BBA shall take all steps within its power to have the period of ineligibility recognized and enforced by all relevant parties, including other Signatories pursuant to Code Article 15.4; The Respondent shall remain subject to and bound to comply with the BBA ADR, including the obligation to submit to drug-testing under the rules. If requested, he will provide information as to his whereabouts to facilitate such testing.
5. There shall be no order as to the costs of these proceedings.
6. The disposition of these proceedings on the terms set out above will be publicly announced via UK Anti-Doping's website.
7. The Respondent has no further right of appeal against this order, but each of the International Bobsleigh and Tobogganing Federation (FIBT) and the World Anti-Doping Agency has a right of appeal against this Order or any part of it.

The South African Institute for Drug-Free Sport (SAIDS) has reported an anti-doping rule violation against the Athlete after his sample tested positive for the prohibited substance cannabis.
After notification a provisional suspension was ordered. The Athlete failed to attend the hearing of the Disciplinary Committee. The SAIDS Disciplinary Committee decides to impose a 3 month period of ineligibility on the Athlete starting on the date of the provisional suspension, i.e. 13 June 2012.