100% Dope Free - Tennis is te mooi voor doping: de risico's van onbewust doping gebruik - Medicijnen / Dopingautorteit ; Koninklijke Nederlandse Lawn Tennis Bond (KNLTB)
KNLTB promotievideo over het voorkomen van onbewust dopinggebruik.
100% Dope Free - Tennis is te mooi voor doping: de risico's van onbewust doping gebruik - Alle interviews REAAL Tennismasters / Dopingautoriteit ; Koninklijke Nederlandse Lawn Tennis Bond (KNLTB)
KNLTB promotievideo over het voorkomen van onbewust dopinggebruik.
100% Dope Free - Tennis is te mooi voor doping: de risico's van onbewust doping gebruik 100% Dope Free campagne / Dopingautoriteit ; Koninklijke Nederlandse Lawn Tennis Bond (KNLTB)
KNLTB promotievideo over het voorkomen van onbewust dopinggebruik.
In April 2011 the South African Institute for Drug-Free Sport (SAIDS) has reported an anti-doping rule violation against the minor Athlete Chad Eekhout after his sample tested positive for the prohibited substance ephedrine. After notification a provisional suspension was ordered and the Athlete was heard for the SAIDS Disciplinary Committee.
The Athlete admitted the violation and stated that in the days before and during the competition he suffered from a cold and flu. Therefore he used 4-in-1 Flu Combination, purchased ‘off the shell’ by his mother in a pharmacy in Johannesburg and also mentioned this medication on de Doping Control Form.
The container of the medication was not labelled and the Athlete did not reseach the ingredients of the product before using. After the positive test, information from the pharmacy showed that the Sinucon tablet in the 4-in-1 Flu combination contained ephedrine.
Considering the circumstances the Committee concludes that the Athlete took the medication for his cold and flu and without intention to enhance his sport performance. Therefore the SAIDS Disciplinary Committee decides to impose a 3 month period of ineligibility on the Athlete, starting on the date of the notification, i.e. on 5 April 2011.
In November 2010 the Agenţia Naţională Anti-Doping (ANAD), the National Anti-Doping Agency of Romania, has reported an anti-doping rule violation against the Athlete Kamil Mihail Sobota after his sample tested positive for the prohibited substance stanozolol.
The Athlete admitted he had used a prescribed medication Winstrol to treat his relapsed foot injury.
On 11 January 2011 considering the circumstances the Romanian Hearing Commission for Athletes and Athletes Support Personnel decided to impose a 12 month period of ineligibility on the Athlete.
Hereafter WADA appealed the decision of the Hearing Commission for Athletes and Athletes Support Personnel with the Romanian Appeal Commission.
WADA requested the Romanian Appeal Commission to set aside the decision of the Hearing Commission and to impose a period of ineligibility on the Athlete between 18 and 24 months. WADA argued that the Athlete had to research the ingredients of the medication before using and he had not applied for a TUE. Also Athlete’s sanction cannot be reduced on the basis of no fault or negligence when the administration of a prohibited substance has been done by the Athlete’s physician or trainer without informing the Athlete.
The Romanian Appeal Commission concludes that there was no intention to enhance sport performance due to the fact that when the medication was prescribed and used the Athlete served a disciplinary suspension for 6 months (24 April-23 October 2010) imposed by the International Federation of Rugby Amateur – European Rugby Association (FIRA-AER). Also after using the medication could stay in the system for two-three months when tested hereafter (10 November 2010). However the Appeal Commission finds that the Athlete acted negligently due to the principle of strict liability. The Appeal Commission rules that the WADA appeal is partly allowed and to set aside the decision of the Hearing Commission for Athletes and Athletes Support Personnel.
Therefore Romanian Appeal Commission decides to impose a 14 month period of ineligibility on the Athlete, starting on the date of the decision. Athlete’s previous 12 month period of ineligibility shall be counted to the total period of ineligibility.
The Athlete Biological Passport / Pierre-Edouard Sottas, Neil Robinson, Olivier Rabin, Martial Saugy. - (Clinical Chemistry 57 (2011) 7 (July) ; p. 969–976)
Abstract:
BACKGROUND:
In elite sports, the growing availability of doping substances identical to those naturally produced by the human body seriously limits the ability of drug-testing regimes to ensure fairness and protection of health.
CONTENT:
The Athlete Biological Passport (ABP), the new paradigm in testing based on the personalized monitoring of biomarkers of doping, offers the enormous advantage of being independent of this endless pharmaceutical race. Doping triggers physiological changes that provide physiological enhancements. In the same way that disease-related biomarkers are invaluable tools that assist physicians in the diagnosis of pathology, specifically selected biomarkers can be used to detect doping.
SUMMARY:
The ABP is a new testing paradigm with immense potential value in the current climate of rapid advancement in biomarker discovery. In addition to its original aim of providing proof of a doping offense, the ABP can also serve as a platform for a Rule of Sport, with the presentation before competition of the ABP to objectively demonstrate that the athlete will participate in a healthy physiological condition that is unaltered by performance-enhancing drugs. Finally, the decision-support system used today for the biological monitoring of world top-level athletes can also be advantageously transferred to other areas of clinical practice to reach the goal of personalized medicine.
Nonlinear pharmacokinetic properties of mildronate capsules: a randomized, open-label, single- and multiple-dose study in healthy volunteers / Jun Zhang, Li-Jing Cai, Jian Yang, Qi-Zhi Zhang, Wen-Xing Peng. – (Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology 23 (2013) 1 (February) p. 120-128)
Abstract:
Mildronate has been used as antianginal drug in parts of Europe for many years, but its pharmacokinetic (PK) properties in humans remain unclear. This study was designed to assess and compare the PK properties of mildronate capsules after single escalating oral dose and multiple doses in healthy Chinese volunteers. Volunteers were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of 250, 500, 1000, 1250 or 1500 mg of mildronate capsules. Those who received the 500-mg dose continued on the multiple-dose phase and received 500 mg three times a day for 13 days. Plasma drug concentrations were analysed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Tolerability was assessed throughout the study. A total of 40 Chinese volunteers were enrolled in the study. No period or sequence effect was observed. Area under the concentration and C(max) were increased proportionally with the dose levels, whereas t(1/2) and V(d)/f were dependent on the dose. Nonlinear PK properties were found at doses of 250-1500 mg. There was an accumulation after multiple-dose administration. No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported in the PK study. The formulation was well tolerated.
Affidavit Leonardo Bertagnolli [USADA vs Lance Armstrong October 10, 2012]
May 18, 2011
Mr. Leonardo Bertagnolli is a Italian professional cyclist between 2002 and 2012 and rode in the professional teams of Saeco Macchine per Caffè-Longoni Sport, Cofidis, Liquigas, Amica Chips-Knauf, Diquigiovanni-Androni and Lampre-ISD.
Bertagnolli admitted to the Italian procecutor the use of erythropoietin (EPO), testosterone, growth hormone (hGH), and blood doping. He testified about the use, possession, trafficking, and distribution of prohibited substances and methods in the professional cycling teams, his involvement and the involvement of the team doctor Michele Ferrari.
Detecting growth hormone abuse in athletes / Richard I.G. Holt. - (Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 401 (2011) 2 (August); p. 449-462).
Abstract
It is believed that athletes have been abusing growth hormone (GH) for its anabolic and lipolytic effects since the early 1980s, at least a decade before endocrinologists began to treat adults with GH deficiency. There is an on-going debate about whether GH is performance enhancing. Although many of the early studies were negative, more recent studies suggest that GH improves strength and sprint capacity, particularly when it is combined with anabolic steroids. Although use of GH is banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), its detection remains challenging. Two approaches have been developed to detect GH abuse. The first is based on measurement of pituitary GH isoforms; after injection of recombinant human GH, which comprises solely the 22-kDa isoform, endogenous production is down-regulated leading to an increase in the 22-kDa isoform relative to other isoforms. The second is based on measurement of markers of GH action. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and N-terminal pro-peptide of type III collagen (P-III-NP) increase in response to GH administration in a dose-dependent manner. When combined with discriminant function analysis, use of these markers differentiates between individuals taking GH and placebo. Subsequent studies have shown that the test is applicable across different ethnicities and is unaffected by injury. WADA regulations state that when analytes are measured by immunoassay, two assays are needed. Final validation of the marker test is currently being undertaken with modern commercially available immunoassays to finalise the threshold values to be used to determine whether a doping offence has been committed.
Annual Report 2010 / Spanish Agency for the Protection of Health in Sport (AEPSAD). - Madrid : Agencia Española de Protección de la Salud en el Deporte, 2011
