AUSTRALIAN SPORTS DRUG AGENCY 1992-93 ANNUAL REPORT
© Commonwealth of Australia
ISSN 1037-378

CONTENTS
Page
List of Tables 10
List of Appendices 11
Summary of Compliance with Reporting Guidelines 13

Chapter One
Introduction 14
Objects, Functions and Powers 16
Responsible Minister 18
Membership 19
Board Meetings 19
The Staff of the Agency 21
Publications and Presentations 21
Social Justice 22
Special Operational Issues 26
Summary of Outcomes for 1992-93 28
Outlook of Activities for 1993-94 31

Chapter Two
Policy and Research Program 35
Objective 35
International Initiatives and Activities 35
Policy Development within Australia 44
Legislation 54
Research 56

Chapter Three
Drug Testing Program 63
Objective 63
Drug Testing Management System 63

Chapter Four
Education Program 66
Objectives 66
School-based Education Programs 66
Sports-based Education Programs 68
Information Services 69

Chapter Five
Executive-Corporate Operations Program 73
Objective 73
Finance 73
Memorandum of Understanding with the Australian Government Analytical Laboratories 74
Office Services 76

Chapter Six
Financial Statements F1-F12

TABLES
Table 1 Agency papers and presentations 1992-93 80
Table 2 Drug testing statistics 1992-93 85
Table 3 Drug testing statistics by State and sex 1992-93 86
Table 4 Summary of defaults 87
Table 5 Summary of defaults by sport 89
Table 6 Summary of substances found in positive drug tests 90
Table 7 International sporting events held in Australia and tested by ASDA 91
Table 8 Agency staffing levels 92
Table 9 Five-year targets for user-pay drug testing services 93

Appendices
Appendix 1: Guidelines for the content, preparation and presentation of annual reports by statutory authorities 94
Appendix 2: Establishment chart of the Australian Sports Drug Agency 97
Appendix 3: Memorandum of Understanding between the Governments of Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom concerning the reciprocal development and enforcement of measures against anti-doping (1990) 98
Appendix 4: Self-assessment guidelines for a national anti-doping program 102
Appendix 5: International Olympic Charter Against Doping in Sport —
model for a national anti-doping program 104
Appendix 6: Arrangement between the Government of Australia and the Government of New Zealand concerning the reciprocal development and enforcement of measures against doping in sport 106
Appendix 7: Types of harm caused by drug use 108
Appendix 8: International Olympic Committee Medical Commission List of doping classes and methods of doping - March 17, 1993, 110
Appendix 9: Summary of IOC doping classes and methods 117
Appendix 10: Clenbuterol 121
Appendix 11: Dope control laboratories accredited by the IOC 122
Appendix 12: Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion 127
Appendix 13: Community development of drugs in sport programs - the role of professionals 130

The Sturm und Drang of anabolic steroid use: angst, anxiety, and aggression / , Leslie P. Henderson

• Trends in Neurosciences 35 (2012) 6 (1 June); p. 382-392
• PMID: 22516619
• PMCID: PMC4127319
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2012.03.001

Abstract

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are illicitly administered to enhance athletic performance and body image. Although conferring positive actions on performance, steroid abuse is associated with changes in anxiety and aggression. AAS users are often keenly invested in understanding the biological actions of these drugs. Thus, mechanistic information on AAS actions is important not only for the biomedical community, but also for steroid users. Here we review findings from animal studies on the impact of AAS exposure on neural systems that are crucial for the production of anxiety and aggression, and compare the effects of the different classes of AAS and their potential signaling mechanisms, as well as context-, age- and sex-dependent aspects of their actions.

Neuropsychiatric Effects of Anabolic Steroids in Male Normal Volunteers / Tung-Ping Su, Michael Pagliaro, Peter J. Schmidt. - (Journal of the American Medical Association 269 (1993) 21 (2 June); p. 2760-2764)

• PMID: 8492402
• DOI:10.1001/jama.1993.0350021006003

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the acute effects of anabolic steroids on mood and behavior in male normal volunteers.

Design: A 2-week, double-blind (subject and rater), fixed-order, placebo-controlled crossover trial of methyltestosterone.

Setting: An inpatient research unit at the National Institutes of Health.

Subjects: A volunteer sample of 20 men who were medication free, free of medical and psychiatric illness, not involved in athletic training, and had no prior history of anabolic steroid use.

Intervention: A sequential trial for 3 days each of the following four drug conditions: placebo baseline, low-dose methyltestosterone (40 mg/d), high-dose methyltestosterone (240 mg/d), and placebo withdrawal.

Main outcome measures: Mood and behavioral ratings were completed during each drug condition and included both subjective and objective measures.

Results: Significant (P < .05) albeit subtle increases in symptom scores were observed during high-dose methyltestosterone administration compared with baseline in positive mood (euphoria, energy, and sexual arousal), negative mood (irritability, mood swings, violent feelings, and hostility), and cognitive impairment (distractibility, forgetfulness, and confusion). An acute manic episode was observed in one of the 20 subjects, representing a 5% incidence, even under these conservative conditions. An additional subject became hypomanic. Baseline characteristics including family psychiatric history or previous drug abuse did not predict symptom changes.

Conclusion: This is the first placebo-controlled prospective study demonstrating the adverse and activating mood and behavioral effects of anabolic steroids.

Short-term growth hormone treatment does not increase muscle protein synthesis in experienced weight lifters / Kevin E. Yaraheski, Jeffrey J. Zachwieja, Theodore J. Angelopoulos, Dennis M. Bier. - (Journal of Applied Physiology 74 (1993) 6 (June); p. 3073-3076)

• PMID: 8366011
• DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1993.74.6.3073

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine whether recombinant human growth hormone (GH) administration enhances muscle protein anabolism in experienced weight lifters. The fractional rate of skeletal muscle protein synthesis and the whole body rate of protein breakdown were determined during a constant intravenous infusion of [13C]leucine in 7 young (23 +/- 2 yr; 86.2 +/- 4.6 kg) healthy experienced male weight lifters before and at the end of 14 days of subcutaneous GH administration (40 microgram.kg-1 x day-1). GH administration increased fasting serum insulin-like growth factor-I (from 224 +/- 20 to 589 +/- 80 ng/ml, P = 0.002) but did not increase the fractional rate of muscle protein synthesis (from 0.034 +/- 0.004 to 0.034 +/- 0.002%/h) or reduce the rate of whole body protein breakdown (from 103 +/- 4 to 108 +/- 5 mumol.kg-1 x h-1). These findings suggest that short-term GH treatment does not increase the rate of muscle protein synthesis or reduce the rate of whole body protein breakdown, metabolic alterations that would promote muscle protein anabolism in experienced weight lifters attempting to further increase muscle mass.

1993 List of Prohibited Classes of Substances and Prohibited Methods / IOC Medical Commission. – International Olympic Committee (IOC), 1993

INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE MEDICAL COMMISSION LIST OF DOPING CLASSES AND METHODS 17TH MARCH 1993

I. DOPING CLASSES
A. Stimulants
B. Narcotics
C. Anabolic Agents
D. Diuretics
E. Peptide hormones and analogues

II. DOPING METHODS
A. Blood doping
B. Pharmacological, chemical and physical manipulation

III. CLASSES OF DRUGS SUBJECT TO CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS
A. Alcohol
B. Marijuana
C. Local anaesthetics
D. Corticosteroids
E. Beta-blockers

Source: Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library

Effects of nandrolone decanoate on bone mass in established osteoporosis / M. Passeri, M. Pedrazzoni, G. Pioli, L. Butturini, A.H. Ruys, M.G. Cortenraad. - (Maturitas 17 (1993) 3 (1 November); p. 211-219)

• PMID: 8133796
• DOI: 10.1016/0378-5122(93)90049-n

Abstract

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted in 46 postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis in order to assess the long-term effects of nandrolone decanoate on the bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae and of the distal third of the radius and on the biochemical markers of bone turnover. The patients received intramuscular injections of placebo or 50 mg nandrolone decanoate every 3 weeks for 18 months. Thirty-two of the initial 46 patients completed 1 year of study and 25 completed the whole study period of 18 months. Overall, vertebral BMD increased by 2.9% in the nandrolone decanoate group and fell by 2.3% in the placebo group. Radial BMD showed a slight but transient improvement, with a subsequent return to basal levels in the nandrolone decanoate group, whereas there was a progressive decrease in the placebo group. Patients treated with nandrolone decanoate also complained less of bone pain. Urinary hydroxyproline decreased significantly in treated patients, whereas osteocalcin tended to increase, but the change was not significant. HDL cholesterol concentrations decreased only slightly and haemoglobin increased significantly in the nandrolone decanoate group. Two patients treated with nandrolone decanoate withdrew from the study because of hirsutism and hoarseness. The results indicate that nandrolone decanoate exerts positive effects on vertebral BMD and on bone pain in patients with established postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Voorlichting over doping en medicijngebruik in de topsport : enquête onder top sporters / samenst. P.L.S. van Steed; red. C. Vervoorn, E. van Kernebeek, E.N. Vrijman. - i.o.v. Nederlands Centrum voor Dopingvraagstukken (NeCeDo) ; i.s.m. Nederlands Instituut voor Sport en Gezondheid (NISG) ; Nederlands Olympisch Comité*Nederlandse Sport Federatie (NOC*NSF). - Arnhem : NeCeDo, 1993

Education about doping and medication use in elite sports : survey of elite athletes / ed. P.L.S. van Steen, C. Vervoorn, E. van Kernebeek, E.N. Vrijman. - National Institute for Sports Health care ; Netherlands Centre for Doping Affairs ; Netherlands Olympic Committee * Netherlands Sports Confederation. - Arnhem : NeCeDo, 1993

Vermeld worden de opzet en de resultaten van een enquête onder 1246 Nederlandse topsporters. Deze enquête werd in 1993, in opdracht van NeCeDo, door het NISG uitgevoerd. Uit de enquête komt naar voren dat de voorlichting over doping en medicijngebruik in de topsport door de Nederlandse topsporters zelf noodzakelijk wordt geacht.

Voorlichting over doping en medicijngebruik in de topsport : hoe trainers en coaches bij kunnen dragen aan de voorlichting / samenst. P.L.S. van Steed; red. C. Vervoorn, E. van Kernebeek, E.N. Vrijman. - i.o.v. Nederlands Centrum voor Dopingvraagstukken (NeCeDo) ; i.s.m. Nederlands Instituut voor Sport en Gezondheid (NISG) ; Nederlands Olympisch Comité*Nederlandse Sport Federatie (NOC*NSF). - Arnhem : NeCeDo, 1993

Education about doping and medication use in elite sports : how trainers and coaches can contribute to education / ed. P.L.S. van Steen, C. Vervoorn, E. van Kernebeek, E.N. Vrijman. - National Institute for Sports Health care ; Netherlands Centre for Doping Affairs ; Netherlands Olympic Committee * Netherlands Sports Confederation. - Arnhem : NeCeDo, 1993

In een inleiding wordt ingegaan over de rol die trainers en coaches kunnen spelen in de voorlichting over doping en medicijngebruik de de topsport. Het is de bedoeling dat in de komende jaren het NeCeDo, in samenwerking met de Nederlandse Federatie van Werkers in de Sport (NFWS), een aantal artikelen gaat publiceren waarmee trainers en coaches geholpen worden bij het leveren van een bijdrage aan voorlichting over doping en medicijngebruik in de topsport. Naast een eerste artikel in deze serie zijn een aantal artikelen opgenomen over het onderwerp doping dat reeds eerder in het blad 'Coach'van de NFWS werd gepubliceerd.

Voorlichting over doping en medicijngebruik in de topsport : uitleg over de verschillende dopinggroepen en – methoden / samenst. P.L.S. van Steed; red. C. Vervoorn, E. van Kernebeek, E.N. Vrijman. - i.o.v. Nederlands Centrum voor Dopingvraagstukken (NeCeDo) ; i.s.m. Nederlands Instituut voor Sport en Gezondheid (NISG) ; Nederlands Olympisch Comité*Nederlandse Sport Federatie (NOC*NSF). - Arnhem : NeCeDo, 1993

Education about doping and medication use in elite sports : explanation about the different doping groups and methods / ed. P.L.S. van Steen, C. Vervoorn, E. van Kernebeek, E.N. Vrijman. - National Institute for Sports Health care ; Netherlands Centre for Doping Affairs ; Netherlands Olympic Committee * Netherlands Sports Confederation. - Arnhem : NeCeDo, 1993

Behandeld worden interessante wetenswaardigheden over het dopingbeleid en de reglementen van de internationale sportfederatie. Opgenomen zijn ook een set informatiebladen waarin per dopinggroep en dopingmethode nader op de werking en bijwerking van de middelen en methoden wordt ingegaan.

Voorlichting over doping en medicijngebruik in de topsport : samenvatting en conclusies van het voorbereidend onderzoek / samenst. P.L.S. van Steen; red. C. Vervoorn, E. van Kernebeek, E.N. Vrijman. - i.o.v. Nederlands Centrum voor Dopingvraagstukken (NeCeDo) ; i.s.m. Nederlands Instituut voor Sport en Gezondheid (NISG) ; Nederlands Olympisch Comité*Nederlandse Sport Federatie (NOC*NSF). - Arnhem : NeCeDo, 1993

Education about doping and medication use in elite sports : summary and conclusions about the preliminary investigation / ed. P.L.S. van Steen, C. Vervoorn, E. van Kernebeek, E.N. Vrijman. - National Institute for Sports Health care ; Netherlands Centre for Doping Affairs ; Netherlands Olympic Committee * Netherlands Sports Confederation. - Arnhem : NeCeDo, 1993

Behandeld worden de samenvatting en conclusies van het voorbereidend onderzoek naar de mogelijkheden van de voorlichting over doping en medicijngebruik in de sport. In opdracht van het NeCeDo heeft ir. E. van Kernebeek van het Nederlands Instituut voor Sport en Gezondheid (NISG) dit onderzoek uitgevoerd. Uit het onderzoek blijkt dat voorlichting over doping en medicijngebruik zinvol is om de gesignaleerde kennisproblemen bij de risicogroepen en 'hun omgeving' op te heffen. Het rapport beschrijft voorts de in eerste instantie te volgen voorlichtingsaanpak.