1988 List of Prohibited Classes of Substances and Prohibited Methods / IOC Medical Commission. – International Olympic Committee (IOC), 1987

List of Doping Classes and Methods

I. DOPING CLASSES
A. Stimulants
B. Narcotics
C. Anabolic Steroids
D. Beta-blockers
E. Diuretics

II. DOPING METHODS
A. Blood doping
B. Pharmacological, chemical and physical manipulation

III. CLASSES OF DRUGS SUBJECT TO CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS
A. Alcohol
B. Local anaesthetics
C. Corticosteroids

Source: Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library

The effects of red blood cell infusion on 10-km race time / A.J. Brien, T.L. Simon. - (Journal of the American Medical Association 257 (1987) 20 (May); p. 2761-2765)

• PMID: 3573270
• DOI: 10.1001/jama.1987.03390200101022

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of infusion of 400 mL of red blood cells (RBCs) on 10-km track race time, submaximal heart rate, hematocrit, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, and partial pressure of oxygen at 50% hemoglobin saturation. Six highly trained, male, distance runners twice donated a unit of RBCs, which was frozen for subsequent reinfusion. Eleven weeks after the second donation, they undertook a series of three competitive 10-km races on a standard 400-m track: before infusion, after 100 mL of saline solution, and after 400 mL of autologous, previously frozen deglycerolized RBCs. All subjects took all trials in this double-blind, placebo, crossover, experimental design. Running time was recorded at each 400-m split, and blood was collected prior to each trial. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance. Results following the RBC infusion showed a significantly higher hematocrit concentration, a significantly faster 10-km run, a nonsignificant decrease in submaximal heart rate (10 beats faster 10-km run, a nonsignificant decrease in submaximal heart rate (10 beats per minute), and no significant changes in either 2,3-diphosphoglycerate or partial pressure of oxygen at 50% hemoglobin saturation. Erythrocythemia induced by the infusion of 400 mL of autologous packed RBCs effectively increased performance capacity in a 10-km track race, probably due to an increase in oxygen delivery to the working muscles.

Resolution on Doping in Sport / European Ministers of Sport. - Strasbourg : Council of Europe (CoE), 1986. - (Council of Europe Resolution (86) 4; Dublin, 30 September - 2 October 1986)

Beta-Blockade used in precision sports: effect on pistol shooting performance / P. Kruse, J. Ladefoged, U. Nielsen, P.E. Paulev, J.P. Sørensen. - (Journal of Applied Physiology 61 (1986) 2 (August); p. 417-420)

• PMID: 2875053
• DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1986.61.2.417

Abstract

In a double-blind cross-over study of 33 marksmen (standard pistol, 25 m) the adrenergic beta 1-receptor blocker, metoprolol, was compared to placebo. Metoprolol obviously improved the pistol shooting performance compared with placebo. Shooting improved by 13.4% of possible improvement (i.e., 600 points minus actual points obtained) as an average (SE = 4%, 2P less than 0.002). The most skilled athletes demonstrated the clearest metoprolol improvement. We found no correlation between the shooting improvement and changes in the cardiovascular variables (i.e., changes of heart rate and systolic blood pressure) and no correlation to the estimated maximum O2 uptake. The shooting improvement is an effect of metoprolol on hand tremor. Emotional increase of heart rate and systolic blood pressure seem to be a beta 1-receptor phenomenon.

1986 List of Prohibited Classes of Substances and Prohibited Methods / IOC Medical Commission. – Seoul : International Olympic Committee (IOC), 1986

Doping list reviewed on 22 April 1986 in Seoul by the IOC Medical Commission

LIST OF DOPING CLASSES AND METHODS

I. DOPING CLASSES

A. Stimulants
B. Narcotics
C. Anabolic Steroids
D. Beta-blockers
E. Diuretics

II. DOPING METHODS
A. Blood doping

III. CLASSES OF DRUGS SUBJECT TO CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS

A. Alcohol
B. Local anaestics
C. Corticosteroids

Source: Anti-Doping Knowledgde Center

Beleidsstandpunt inzake doping en sport / [samenstelling] W. Boersma .... [et al.]. - Oosterbeek : Nationaal Instituut voor de Sportgezondheidszorg (NISGZ), 1985

• Met lit. opg.
• ISBN 90-71001-05-9

Doping in sport tarnishes the sport in its broadest sense and should be fought on the base of ethical and medical aspects. In this fight however, human dignity should not be lost and a nuanced approach is needed, in which the doping control is never a goal in itself, but should be understood as a protection of the sport and its practitioners.
The most desirable structure of the doping control would be that the laboratory analysis reports concerning unambiguous identification and quantification are interpret by a body. This interpretation serves as a base for the sentence to be determined by a disciplinary body. The gravity of the penalty should be equal to the seriousness of the offense and the related social consequences for the athlete. The procedures and the rights and obligations of the parties involved in a doping control should be recorded in doping regulations. More clarity on the so-called "doping lists" is urgently needed. The aim for a single international doping list of resources that have performance-enhancing effects is required.
In addition, information is needed about the nature, effects and side effects of doping related products. In this area still further research needs to be done.
It is desirable to draw up a "statute" for supervisors and conduct for physicians relating to the provision or administration of (prescription) drugs. Sports organizations should give priority to the quality of support personal and provide information to the latter.
The government needs to make restrictions for the provision of doping substances and provide financial means for education, research and control.
Above central coordinating of the analysis, research and information supply and all further doping issues necessary for which a Netherlands Centre for Doping Affairs, with close ties to the NISGZ seems to be the designated body.
Discussing the above findings in a national and international context is desirable for more unity in activities.

European Anti-Doping Charter for Sport : Recommendation & Charter / Committee of Ministers to Member States. - Strasbourg : Council of Europe (CoE), 1984. - (Council of Europe Recommendation (1984) 19; 25 September 1984). - Charter adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 25 September 1984 at the 375th meeting of the Ministers' Deputies). - European Anti-Doping Charter for Sport included as Appendix to Recommendtion No. 5 (84) 19

Urinary Excretion of Ecgonine Methyl Ester, a Major Metabolite of Cocaine in Humans / John Ambre, Marian Fischman, Tsuen-ih Ruo. - (Journal of Analytical Toxicology 8 (1984) 1 (January/February); p. 23-25)

• DOI: 10.1093/jat/8.1.23

Abstract

In this study, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, and ecgonine methyl ester excretion in urine was measured after intravenous and intranasal administration of cocaine at 16, 32, 48, and 96 mg doses to healthy cocaine users. Ecgonine methyl ester and cocaine were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Benzoylecgonine was measured by immunoassay (EMIT) and liquid chromatography. Urinary ecgonine methyl ester accounted for 26 to 60% of the cocaine dose. Ecgonine methyl ester had an elimination halflife of 4.2 hr, compared with 5.1 hr for benzoylecgonine. These results indicate that ecgonine methyl ester accounts for most of the previously unidentified urinary metabolic products of cocaine. The time course of ecgonine methyl ester excretion is such that its detection can substitute for benzoylecgonine detection as a marker of cocaine use.

Performance-Enhancing Drugs in Sport : The Ethical Issue / Warren P. Fraleigh. - (Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 11 (1984) 1; p. 23-29)

• DOI: 10.1080/00948705.1984.9714410

1984 List of Prohibited Classes of Substances and Prohibited Methods / IOC Medical Commission. – International Olympic Committee (IOC), 1983

The brochure with doping list was approved on February 14, 1983 in Sarajevo by the IOC Medical Commission

Doping classes with examples

A. Psychomotor stimulant drugs e.g.:
- amphetamine
- benzphetamine
- chlorphentermine
- cocaine
- diethylpropion
- dimethylamphetamine
- ethylamphetamine
- fencamfamin
- meclofenoxate
- methylamphetamine
- methylphenidate
- norpseudoephedrine
- pemoline
- phendimetrazine
- phenmetrazine
- phentermtne
- pipradol
- prolintane
- and related compounds.

B. Sympathomimetic amines e.g.:
- chlorprenaline
- ephedrine
- etafedrme
- isoethanne
- isoprenallne
- methoxyphenamtne
- methylephedrine
- and related compounds.

C. Miscellaneous central nervous system stimulants e.g .:
- amiphenazole
- bemigride
- caffeine
- cropropamide (component of "micoren")
- crotethamide (component of "micoren")
- doxapram
- ethamivan
- leptazol
- nikethamide
- picrotoxine
- strychnine
- and related compounds.

D. Narcotic analgesics e.g.:
- anilerdine
- codeine
- dextromoramide
- dihydrocodeine
- dipipanone
- ethylmorphine
- heroin
- hydrocodone
- hydromorphone
- levorphanol
- methadone
- morphine
- oxocodone
- oxomorphone
- pentazocine
- pethidine
- phenazocine
- piminodine
- thebacon
- trimeperidine
- and related compounds.

E. Anabolic steroids e.g.:
- clostebol
- dehydrochlormethyltestosterone
- fluoxymesterone
- mesterolone
- methenolone
- metandienone
- methyltestosterone
- nandrolone
- norethandrolone
- oxymesterone
- oxymetholone
- stanozolol
- testosterone
- and related compounds.

Selected information pages from the original document:

IOC medical controls brochure : Games of the XXIIIrd Olympiad Los Angeles 1984 = Contrôles médicales [sic] du CIO : Jeux de la XXIIIème Olympiade Los Angeles 1984 / Los Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee. - Los Angeles : LAOOC, [1984?]. - 35 p. ; 22 cm

Source: Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library