Risk of false positive results to SARM S-4 in case of therapeutic use of antineoplastic/antiandrogen drug containing flutamide : a case study / L. Perrenoud, C. Schweizer Grundisch, N. Baume, Martial Saugy, Raul Nicoli. - (Drug Testing and Analysis 8 (2016) 11-12 (November-December); p. 1109-1113)
Risk profile of male college athletes who use performance-enhancing substances / Jennifer F. Buckman, David A. Yusko, Helene R. White, Robert J. Pandina
Abstract
Objective: There is a general perception that use of performance-enhancing substances (PESs) does not fit the standard profile of substance use. This study sought to determine whether users of PESs report high-risk patterns of alcohol and other drug use and demonstrate risk behaviors associated with problematic substance use.
Method: Anonymous self-report questionnaires were administered to a sample of 234 male student athletes. PES users were defined as college athletes who reported past-year use of a broad array of PESs (including stimulants, hormone precursors, and nutritional supplements).
Results: Male athlete PES users (n = 73) compared with nonusers (n = 160) reported more problematic alcohol-use behaviors and more alcohol- and drug-use-related problems. The former compared with the latter was also more likely to report past-year use of tobacco products, marijuana, cocaine, psychedelics, and prescription drugs without a prescription. In addition, PES users demonstrated higher sensation seeking, and greater coping and enhancement motivations for drinking and marijuana use than non-PES users.
Conclusions: Although banned PESs are not typically viewed as having a high addiction potential, male athletes who use these drugs may be more likely to participate in other problematic substance-use behaviors. Importantly, the male athletes in this study who reported PES use also participated in substance-use behaviors that can have profound negative effects on athletic performance. More research on the use of PESs in college athletes is needed.
Rodchenkov Anti-Doping Act of 2018 : Bill to establish criminal penalties and civil remedies for doping fraud violation at major international competitions / Sheila Jackson Lee. - United States House of Representatives. - Washington : United States Congress, 2018. - (H.R. 6067, 115th Congress, 2nd Session)
Role and application of Article 6 of the European Convention on human rights in CAS procedures / Ulrich Haas. - (International Sports Law Review 12 (2012) 3 : p. 43-60)
Contents:
1.) Introduction
2.) Are arbitral tribunals covered by the ratio materiae of art.6(1) of the ECHR?
3.) Are arbitral tribunals covered by the ratio personae of art 6(1) of the ECHR?
4.) The nature of the dispute and the ECHR-standards applicable to it
5.) The individual rights enshrined in Article 6(1) of the ECHR
6.) Implementing the system of values with respect to arbitral jurisdiction
Summary:
( 1) Private arbitral jurisdiction is not excluded from the scope of application of art.6(1) of the ECHR on the basis of the wording alone. The distinction that is sometimes made regarding the term "tribunal" under art.6(1) of the ECHR - which is to be interpreted autonomously - depending on whether the arbitral jurisdiction has been prescribed by statute or whether it is due to agreement between the parties is not convincing as the transitions between both forms of arbitration are fluid.
(2) Even if the ECHR has no direct third-party effect in legal relations between private individuals, it does not follow from this that the ECHR is of no relevance to arbitral proceedings before the CAS. In proceedings relating to arbitration, the state courts remain addressees of the ECHR and, thus, bound by its provisions. The points of contact between state jurisdiction and arbitral jurisdiction therefore constitute the openings for the ECHR to apply in relation to arbitration proceedings.
(3) In proceedings relating to arbitration, the state courts are under a duty to guarantee that the inalienable values of the ECHR that form part of public policy (ordre public) are observed. From this it follows that the arbitral tribunals like the CAS are at least indirectly bound by this system of values under the ECHR.
(4) Not all of the basic procedural rights under art.6(1) of the ECHR are part of the inalienable system of values which must be observed by arbitral tribunals. The conclusion of the arbitration agreement - usually - constitutes a waiver of the right of access to the state courts and the right to a public hearing enshrined in art.6(1) of the ECHR. In contrast, the right to an independent and impartial judge as well as the right to a speedy and fair hearing are part of procedural public policy (ordre public), which arbitral tribunals such as the CAS must observe.
(5) According to the constant jurisprudence of the ECHR, a waiver of one of the procedural rights forming part of art.6(1) of the ECHR must be "voluntary" and without compulsion in order to be valid. In many of the cases pertaining to sports arbitration this prerequisite will not be met.
However, it does not follow from this that a legal system which allows (private) compulsory arbitration is in breach of art.6(1) of the ECHR. On the contrary - subject to the principle of proportionality - (private) compulsory arbitration is admissible as long as it is in the interest of the good administration of justice. Arbitration proceedings before the CAS, in principle, meet this requirement. However, provisions in the statutes and regulations of the federation limiting the access to the CAS or limiting its mandate to fully review the facts and the law of the case will generally be viewed with scepticism.
(6) The right to a fair trial enshrined in art.6(1) of the ECHR forms part of the procedural public policy and must be observed by the arbitral tribunal at all levels and stages of the procedure.
(7) When modelling the crossroads between state court proceedings and arbitration proceedings, the national legislator has a wide scope of discretion. However, it follows from the ECHR that a Contracting State must reserve for itself a certain degree of supervision in relation to arbitration in order to ensure that the inalienable rights of the Convention are not violated. Whether this supervision is exercised during the arbitration proceedings or only in the post-arbitral phase is for the national legislator to decide. If, however, there is a danger that there is no such supervision at all, a Contracting State of the ECHR will be in breach of its protective duty, which ensues from art.6(1), to guarantee the inalienable procedural rights also with respect to arbitration.
LAW no. 227/2006 Regarding the prevention and fight against doping in sport / Government of Romania. - Bucharest : Government of Romania, 2014. - (Official Journal of Romania Part I (2011) 63 (25 January), consolidated in January 2014)
Law 104/2008 regarding the prevention and fight against the manufacture and the illicit traffic of high-risk doping substances / Government of Romania. - Bucharest : Government of Romania, 2014. - (Official Journal of Romania, Part I, no. 375, 16 May 2008, consolidated in January 2014)
Haff, G. Gregory
Strength & Conditioning Journal 28(6):42-55, December 2006
summary: With the discovery of tetrahydrogestrinone and desoxymethyltestosterone, a widespread conspiracy to supply athletes with anabolic agents, which were not currently on doping control lists, was uncovered. This realization, plus the Congressional Hearings on Steroid Use in Sport, has brought discussions about anabolic-androgenic steroids to the forefront of popular culture. Within this movement, a plethora of nonscientifically sound data has been presented in the popular media. The present roundtable is the first part of a 2-part series designed to present current information on the topic.
(C) 2006 National Strength and Conditioning Association
RUSADA Annual statistics and reporting 2010 / Russian Anti-Doping Agency (RUSADA). - Moscow : Российское антидопинговое агентство (РУСАДА), 2011
Contents
1. Introduction. RUSADA Priorities and Goals in 2010 2
2. Report on RUSADA Activities in 2010 3
2.1. Structural and Organizational Transformations 3
2.2 Doping controls 4
2.3 Results Management 5
2.4 Therapeutic Use Exemption Committee (TUEC) 6
2.5 Working out and Implementation of Information and Education Programs 7
2.6 Cooperation with Major Events Organization Committees 12
2.7 Regional Cooperation and Cooperation with Physical Culture and Sports Organizations 13
2.8 International Liaisons 14
2.9 Cooperation with Anti-Doping Norway and WADA as Part of ISO 9001 Certification Program 15
3 RUSADA Priority Activities in 2011 16
Appendixes
1_1 2010 Tests Distribution by Types of Tests 17
1_2 Samples Collected by Types of Tests and Types of Sports 18
1_3 2010 Samples Collected by Sports 19
1_4 Samples Collected in Summer and Winter Olympic Sports 20
1_5 Samples Collected from Athletes with Disabilities 21
1_6 Samples Collected by Age of the Athletes 22
1_7 Samples Distribution by Regions of the Russian Federation 24
1_8 Samples Distribution by Cities of the Russian Federation 26
1_9 Samples Collected in Moscow Region 27
RUSADA Annual Report 2011 / Russian Anti-Doping Agency (RUSADA). - Moscow : RUSADA, 2012
Contents
1. Introduction. Message from the Director General 3
2. Report on RUSADA activities in 2011 5
2.1. RUSADA priorities and goals in 2011 5
2.2. ISO 9001 certification 5
2.3. Structure and work organization 6
2.4. Doping-controls 7
2.4.1. Sample collection and transportation 7
2.4.2. Athlete’s Biological Passport 8
2.4.4. Therapeutic Use Exemption 12
2.4.5. Education and PR 13
2.4.6. Information and Education 13
2.4.7. XXX Summer Olympic Games 2012 in London 14
2.4.8. XXII Winter Olympic Games 2014 in Sochi 15
2.4.9. Communications 16
2.5. Regional Cooperation 17
2.6. International Cooperation 18
RUSADA Contact Details 32
Appendix 1. Doping-controls
Appendix 2. Results Management
Appendix 3. TUE Committee
RUSADA Annual Report 2012 / Russian Anti-Doping Agency (RUSADA). - Moscow : RUSADA, 2013
Contents
Collection and Transportation of Samples 1
Distribution of samples by regions and of Russia for 2012 (first ten regions) 1
Distribution of collected samples by sports for 2012 (first ten
sports) 2
Distribution of samples by the type of testing and comparison with the indicators of
2011 3
Distribution of samples by the age of athletes for 2012 3
Holding educational events for athletes and athlete support personnel 5
Seminars participants 7
Development of strategies and new programs 8
Preparation for the XXII Winter Olympic Games 2014 in Sochi 9
Preparations for the Universiade in Kazan in 2013 10
Processing of results and investigations 11
Classes of the identified substances 12
Number of anti-doping rules violations 12
Work on the Athlete Biological Passport program 13
Therapeutic use 13
Requests for therapeutic use 13
International cooperation 14
