Annual Report 2019 / Sport Ireland Anti-Doping. - Dublin : Sport Ireland, 2021

Annual Report 2020 / Sport Ireland Anti-Doping. - Dublin : Sport Ireland, 2018

Annual Report 2021 / Sport Ireland Anti-Doping. - Dublin : Sport Ireland, 2018

Sport nutrition and doping in tennis: an analysis of athletes' attitudes and knowledge / Miran Kondric, Damir Sekulic, Ognjen Uljevic, Goran Gabrilo, Milan Zvan. - (Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 12 (2013) 2 (1 June); p. 290-297)

• PMID: 24149808
• PMCID: PMC3761838

Abstract

Nutrition and doping issues are rarely studied in the sport of tennis. The aims of this investigation were to determine knowledge on doping (KD) and knowledge on sport nutrition (KSN), and corresponding socio-demographic-, sport-, and sport-nutrition- and doping-factors among an international sample of high-level tennis players of both sexes (43 females; 22 years old on average). In the first phase of the investigation, the KSN and KD questionnaires were studied for their reliability and validity. The consumption of NS is found to be very high, with almost of all the females and 80% of the males using NS at least occasionally. The athletes showed a low tendency regarding future doping usage, although most of them are convinced that doping does exist in tennis. Since athletes declared that their coaches are their main source of information about NS and doping, future studies should investigate what coaches actually know about such problems. KSN has been found to be protective against potential doping behavior in the future. Males are found to be more prone to doping than females. Therefore, in order to prevent doping behavior in tennis we strongly suggest intensive educational programs on sports nutrition and doping-related problems. Key PointsThe incidence of nutritional supplementation use among the tennis players is found to be very high, especially among the females.Although most of the subjects are of the opinion that the doping behavior is present in tennis circuit, we have found a low tendency regarding future doping usage, and high levels of athletes' trust in their coaches with regard to nutritional supplementation and doping.There are indices that the knowledge about nutrition is protective factor against potential doping behavior. It clearly reinforces the need to include a wide educational program on sports nutrition in tennis, but also in other sports.

Sport People’s Right to Defence under the New Spanish Anti-Doping Law : A Perspective / Fernando del Cacho Millian. – (International Sports Law Journal (2007) 1-2 : p. 19-21)

Content:
1.) Introduction
2.) Historical and legislative backgrounds of doping in Spain
3.) First steps towards the defence and principles of sportspeople’s defence
4.) Sports People’s right to defence before the proceedings for the imposition of sanctions regarding doping
5.) New Article 361 bis of the Criminal Code. A perspective from the right to defence

Sport supplement use predicts doping attitudes and likelihood via sport supplement beliefs / Philip Hurst, Maria Kavussanu, Ian Boardley, Christopher Ring. - (Journal of Sports Sciences (2019) 12 March) ; p. 1-7.
- PMID: 30860956.
- DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1589920

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to examine: 1) whether sport supplement use is related to doping and 2) whether sport supplement beliefs mediated this relationship. In Study 1, athletes (N = 598), completed measures of sport supplement use, sport supplement beliefs, and doping attitudes. In Study 2, athletes (N = 475) completed measures of sport supplement use, sport supplement beliefs, and doping likelihood. In both studies, sport supplement use predicted doping outcomes indirectly via sport supplement beliefs. Our findings provide novel evidence to suggest that sport supplement users, who strongly believe that sport supplements are effective, are more likely to dope. For anti-doping organisations wishing to prevent doping, targeting an athlete’s beliefs about sport supplements may improve the effectiveness of anti-doping prevention programmes.

Sport-Specific Use of Doping Substances : Analysis of World Anti-Doping Agency Doping Control Tests Between 2014 and 2017 / Millán Aguilar-Navarro, Juan Jose Salinero, Jesus Muñoz-Guerra, María Del Mar Plata, Juan Del Coso. - (Substance Use & Misues (2020, 18 March); p. 1-9).
- PMID: 32186429,
- DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1741640

Abstract

Background:
In recent years, there has been a solid effort across all sports organizations to reduce the prevalence and incidence of doping in sport. However, the efficacy of current strategies to fight against doping might be improved by using anti-doping polices tailored to the features of doping in each sport.

Objectives:
The aim of this investigation was to analyze the substances more commonly found in doping control tests in individual and team sports.

Material and Methods:
The publicly accessible Testing Figures Reports made available by the World Anti-Doping Agency, were analyzed from 2014 to 2017.

Results:
The most commonly detected groups of banned substances were anabolic agents and stimulants but the distribution of adverse findings per drug class was very different depending on the sports discipline. Weightlifting, athletics, rugby, hockey and volleyball presented abnormally high proportions of anabolic agents (p = 2.8 × 10−11). Cycling, athletics and rugby presented atypically elevated proportions of peptide hormones and growth factors (p = 1.4 × 10−1). Diuretics and masking agents were more commonly found in boxing, wrestling, taekwondo, judo, shooting, and gymnastics than in other sports (p = 4.0 × 10−68). Cycling, rowing, aquatics, tennis, gymnastics and ice hockey presented abnormally high proportions of stimulants (p = 1.8 × 10−5).

Conclusions:
These results indicate that the groups of banned substances more commonly detected in anti-doping control tests were different depending on the sports discipline. These data suggest the prohibited substances used as doping agents might be substantially different depending on the type of sport and thus, sports-specific anti-doping policies should be implemented to enhance the efficacy of anti-doping testing.

Sporters en sportschoolhouders over het gebruik van prestatieverhogende middelen in de sportschool / S.B. Detmar, C.H. Wiefferink, T. Vogels, T.G.W.M. Paulussen. - TNO Preventie en Gezondheid; i.o.v. Nederlands Centrum voor Dopingvraagstukken (NeCeDo). - Leiden : TNO Preventie en Gezondheid, 2003. - (TNO-rapport PG/Jeugd 2003.089)

Inhoud:

1 Inleiding
1.1 Aanleiding
1.2 Eerder onderzoek
1.3 Theoretisch kader
2 Onderzoeksopzet
2.1 Dataverzameling
2.2 Vragenlijsten
2.3 Analyses
3 Resultaten sporters
3.1 Respons
3.2 Kenmerken van de sporters
3.3 Gebruik van prestatieverhogende middelen
3.4 Determinanten van intentie tot gebruik van prestatieverhogende middelen
3.5 Verklaring van intentie tot gebruik van prestatieverhogende middelen
3.6 Determinanten van gebruiksintentie nader gespecificeerd
3.7 Overige statuskenmerken van gebruikers, ex-gebruikers en niet-gebruikers
4 Resultaten sportschoolhouders
4.1 Respons
4.2 Kenmerken van de sportscholen
4.3 Vermoedelijk aantal gebruikers en gehanteerd beleid binnen de eigen sportschool
4.4 Persoonlijke norm van sportschooleigenaren
4.5 Draagvlak voor preventie-activiteiten
4.6 Gewenste ondersteuning
4.7 Bekendheid met de activiteiten van het NeCeDo
5 Conclusies en aanbevelingen
5.1 Sportschoolbezoekers
5.2 Sportschoolhouders
5.3 Aanbevelingen
6 Literatuur
Bijlage(n)
A Combinaties van gebruik van prestatieverhogende middelen
B Correlatiematrix: gedrag en intentie variabelen
C Gehanteerde vragenlijsten

Samenvatting:

Het Nederlands Centrum voor Dopingvraagstukken (NeCeDo) heeft TNO-PG verzocht een onderzoek te verrichten naar de achtergronden van het gebruik van prestatieverhogende middelen onder bezoekers van fitnesscentra. De reden daarvan was dat het NeCeDo voor de toekomst een gericht preventiebeleid wil ontwikkelen tegen het gebruik van prestatieverhogende middelen in fitnesscentra. Voor het ontwerp van een geïntegreerd preventiebeleid is het noodzakelijk antwoord te hebben op de vraag waarom bezoekers van fitnesscentra prestatieverhogende middelen gebruiken, wat hen ervan weerhoudt deze middelen te gebruiken of waarom ze met het gebruik van prestatieverhogende middelen stoppen. Nader inzicht in de opvattingen (cognities) van bezoekers van fitnesscentra maakt het mogelijk om reeds op voorhand relevante aangrijpingspunten te selecteren voor een nieuw te ontwikkelen preventiebeleid zodat de kans van slagen ervan wordt gemaximaliseerd. Naast inzicht in de opvattingen van bezoekers is het tevens van belang inzicht in de opvattingen van eigenaren van fitnesscentra te verkrijgen. Om een preventiebeleid ook werkelijk te implementeren in fitnesscentra, moet hiervoor voldoende draagvlak zijn onder de eigenaren. Het is derhalve relevant om inzicht te verkrijgen in de opvattingen van eigenaren van fitnesscentra over het gebruik van prestatieverhogende middelen door hun bezoekers en hun ideeën over het invoeren van een gericht preventiebeleid binnen de eigen organisatie. Tegen deze achtergrond luidden de onderzoeksvragen voor dit onderzoek:

1. Welke sociaal-psychologische determinanten hangen samen met het gebruik van prestatieverhogende middelen door sporters binnen fitnesscentra?
2. Hoe percipiëren eigenaren van fitnesscentra het gebruik van prestatieverhogende middelen door de sporters binnen hun fitnesscentrum (ernst en omvang van het gebruik en tolerantie)?
3. In hoeverre bestaat er draagvlak onder eigenaren van fitnesscentra voor het invoeren van (onderdelen van) een gericht preventiebeleid?

Sports doping : Racing just to keep up / Ewen Callaway. - (Nature 475 (2011) 7356 (21 July) ; p. 283-285)

• PMID: 21776058.
• DOI: 10.1038/475283a

Anti-doping researchers are looking for new ways to catch cheaters. Can a biological passport help to save the sport?

Trout GJ, Kazlauskas R. Sports drug testing--an analyst's perspective. Chem Soc Rev. 2004 Jan 10;33(1):1-13. Epub 2003 Dec 8.