The independent person report : Richard H. McLaren independent person WADA investigation of Sochi allegations / Richard H. McLaren. - Montréal : World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), 2016

Key Findings:

1. The Moscow Laboratory operated, for the protection of doped Russian athletes, within a State-dictated failsafe system, described in the report as the Disappearing Positive Methodology.

2. The Sochi Laboratory operated a unique sample swapping methodology to enable doped Russian athletes to compete at the Games.

3. The Ministry of Sport directed, controlled and oversaw the manipulation of athlete’s analytical results or sample swapping, with the active participation and assistance of the FSB, CSP, and both Moscow and Sochi Laboratories.

Content:

Chapter 1: Executive Summary of this Report

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Creation and Terms of Reference of the Independent Investigation into Sochi and Other Allegations
1.4 Witnesses
1.5 Findings of IC and Relationship to IP Investigation
1.6 Overall Outcomes of the Independent Investigation

Chapter 2: The IP Investigation Method

2.1 Introduction
2.2 The Investigation Process
2.3 The Investigation Procedure
2.4 The IAAF Taskforce
2.5 The Mandate

Chapter 3: The Moscow Laboratory & the Disappearing Positives

3.1 The IC Findings on the Moscow Laboratory
3.2 The Disappearing Positive Methodology
3.3 Events of Autumn 2014 and the 37 Samples
3.4 Forensic Testing of the 37 Samples
3.5 The “Cocktail”

Chapter 4: The Command Structure

4.1 The Ministry of Sport of the Russian Federation
4.2 The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB)

Chapter 5: The Sochi Laboratory Sample Swapping

Methodology
5.3 The Mechanics of Sample Swapping
5.4 Results of the Sochi Investigation

Chapter 6: Other Sporting Events

6.1 Introduction
6.2 London 2012 Olympic Games
6.3 World University Games, Kazan 2013
6.4 2013 Moscow IAAF World Championships (“Moscow Championships”)

Chapter 7: Summary of Findings

EXHIBIT 1

The independent person 2nd report : Richard H. McLaren independent person WADA investigation of Sochi allegations / Richard H. McLaren. - Montréal : World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), 2016

Key Highlights of 2nd Report

Institutionalised Doping Conspiracy and Cover Up

1. An institutional conspiracy existed across summer and winter sports athletes who participated with Russian officials within the Ministry of Sport and its infrastructure, such as the RUSADA, CSP and the Moscow Laboratory, along with the FSB for the purposes of manipulating doping controls. The summer and winter sports athletes were not acting individually but within an organised infrastructure as reported on in the 1st Report.

2. This systematic and centralised cover up and manipulation of the doping control process evolved and was refined over the course of its use at London 2012 Summer Games, Universiade Games 2013, Moscow IAAF World Championships 2013, and the Winter Games in Sochi in 2014. The evolution of the infrastructure was also spawned in response to WADA regulatory changes and surprise interventions.

3. The swapping of Russian athletes’ urine samples further confirmed in this 2nd Report as occurring at Sochi, did not stop at the close of the Winter Olympics. The sample swapping technique used at Sochi became a regular monthly practice of the Moscow Laboratory in dealing with elite summer and winter athletes. Further DNA and salt testing confirms the technique, while others relied on DPM.

4. The key findings of the 1st Report remain unchanged. The forensic testing, which is based on immutable facts, is conclusive. The evidence does not depend on verbal testimony to draw a conclusion. Rather, it tests the physical evidence and a conclusion is drawn from those results. The results of the forensic and laboratory analysis initiated by the IP establish that the conspiracy was perpetrated between 2011 and 2015.

The Athlete Part of Conspiracy and Cover Up

5. Over 1000 Russian athletes competing in summer, winter and Paralympic sport, can be identified as being involved in or benefiting from manipulations to conceal positive doping tests. Based on the information reported to International Federations through the IP to WADA there are 600 (84%) summer athletes and 95 (16%) winter athletes.

London Summer Olympic Games

6. Fifteen Russian athlete medal winners were identified out of the 78 on the London Washout Lists. Ten of these athletes have now had their medals stripped.

IAAF Moscow World Championships

7. Following the 2013 IAAF Moscow World Championships, 4 athletics athletes’ samples were swapped. Additional target testing is in progress.

Sochi Winter Olympic Games

8. Sample swapping is established by 2 female ice hockey players’ samples with male DNA.

9. Tampering with original sample established by 2 [sport] athletes, winners of four Sochi Olympic Gold medals, and a female Silver medal winner in [sport] with physiologically impossible salt readings.

10. Twelve medal winning athletes (including the above 3) from 44 examined samples had scratches and marks on the inside of the caps of their B sample bottles, indicating tampering.

11. Six winners of 21 Paralympic medals are found to have had their urine samples tampered with at Sochi.

Contents:

Chapter 1: Executive Summary of 2nd IP Report Key Highlights of 2nd Report

Chapter 2: Athletes Benefiting from Manipulations and Concealment of Positive Tests

Chapter 3: The Moscow Laboratory and the Disappearing Positive Methodology (“DPM”)

Chapter 4: The Olympic Games Year and London 2012

Chapter 5: IAAF Moscow World Championships and Events of 2013

Chapter 6: Sochi 2014 The XXII Olympic Winter Games

Chapter 7: Samples Swapping After Sochi

RUSADA Compliance Court of Arbitration for Sport Decision of 17 December 2020: Questions and Answers / World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). - Montreal : WADA, 2021

Following the publication of the Court of Arbitration for Sport’s (CAS’s) 186-page full reasoned decision regarding its 17 December 2020 ruling in favor of WADA to declare the Russian Anti-Doping Agency (RUSADA) non-compliant with the World Anti-Doping Code for a period of two years, WADA has developed a question and answer document to assist with stakeholder understanding of the matter.

This is in response to a number of queries received from Anti-Doping Organizations, athletes, members of the media and other stakeholders seeking clarity on some of the award’s finer points and their implications. The Q&A document is in addition to the Agency’s publication of a legal note on 14 January 2021, which outlines the background that led to the CAS proceedings, provides a summary of the parties’ key arguments, and summarizes the decision.

Stakeholder Notice regarding meat contamination / World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). - Montreal : WADA, 2019

On 16 May 2019, the World Anti-Doping Agency’s (WADA’s) Foundation Board decided to amend Article 7.4 of the World Anti-Doping Code (Code) to allow WADA-accredited Laboratories (Laboratories) to report Atypical Findings (ATFs) for the Prohibited Substance clenbuterol.

Under the current version of Article 7.4 of the Code, Laboratories may only report analytical testing results for exogenous Prohibited Substances as Adverse Analytical Findings (AAFs) but not as ATFs, which does not allow for investigations to take place when potential meat contamination scenarios arise – as has been the case with clenbuterol. As such, if the current Code is strictly followed, Anti-Doping Organizations (ADOs) are required to assert an Anti-Doping Rule Violation (ADRV) against the athlete if the B sample results confirm the A sample findings (or the athlete waives the analysis of their B sample).

The purpose of the amendment to Article 7.4 of the Code – which will come into force on 1 June 2019 and is an interim solution until the 2021 Code and the forthcoming International Standard for Results Management (ISRM) come into effect – is to provide ADOs with the possibility of conducting an investigation when low concentrations of identified Prohibited Substances that are known meat contaminants are detected by Laboratories and reported as ATFs. This will ensure that valid meat contamination cases are dealt with fairly and, notably, may prevent athletes from having their competition results disqualified as a result of eating contaminated meat.

In order to provide guidance to ADOs faced with potential meat contamination cases, WADA has developed a Stakeholder Notice regarding Meat Contamination (Notice) that details the reporting instructions for Laboratories depending on the concentration of clenbuterol detected in an athlete’s sample and includes the investigative steps that ADOs must follow in such situations.

After following the instructions and investigative steps indicated in the Notice, ADOs may close cases and allow an athlete to retain their results (for samples collected in-competition) if it is determined that the detection of clenbuterol in their sample is consistent with meat contamination. However, if, following the investigation, the reported ATF is not consistent with meat contamination, or if the concentration of clenbuterol exceeds the designated threshold, an ADRV will be asserted and the standard results management process will proceed.

WADA hopes that the instructions found in the Notice and that the amendment to Article 7.4 of the Code will assist ADOs faced with potential clenbuterol meat contamination cases and will ensure that cases are managed fairly for all athletes.

Please feel free to contact rm@wada-ama.org should you have any questions or concerns.

WADA statement on clenbuterol / World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). - Montreal : WADA, 2011

WADA statement on clenbuterol

Following current media interest in relation to clenbuterol, WADA wishes to clarify the following:

1.) Clenbuterol is a prohibited substance and there is no threshold under which this substance is not prohibited.
2.) At present there is no plan to introduce a threshold level for clenbuterol.
3.) It is possible that under certain circumstances the presence of a low level of clenbuterol in an athlete sample can be the result of food contamination. However, each case is different and all elements need to be taken into account.
4.) Under the World Anti-Doping Code, result management of cases foresees the opportunity for an athlete to explain how a prohibited substance entered his/her body.
5.) Next week, WADA laboratory experts will meet, as they do regularly, and amongst other issues will discuss the situation with regards to clenbuterol. No decision will be taken at this meeting and any recommendation will then be reviewed and discussed at the WADA Health, Medical and Research Committee in view of the preparation of the 2012 List.
6.) The power to take a decision and to adopt the 2012 List is vested to the WADA Executive Committee, composed equally of the Sport Movement and Governments, that will meet in September.

WADA will refrain from making any further comment regarding clenbuterol until the review process has been completed.

Status of Russia Testing / WADA Executive Committee and Foundation Board. - World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), 2016

English version

Status of Russia Testing / WADA Executive Committee and Foundation Board. - World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), 2016

French version

Rapport d’étape sur les contrôles en Russie / Comité exécutif et du Conseil de fondation de l’AMA. - Agence mondiale antidopage (AMA), 2016

Strategic Plan 2011-2016 / World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). - Montreal : WADA, 2011

Contents

I. Foreword
II. Vision, Mission and Values
III. Summary of Strategic Objectives
IV. Strategic Objectives

WADA has published the fourth revision of its Strategic Plan, which covers the period 2011 to 2016.

The plan, which was created in 2001 and revised in 2004 and 2007, has been developed to align WADA’s activities and resources over the next five years.

It has eight objectives based on the World Anti-Doping Code, the current environment and trends in anti-doping, and WADA’s governance and operational activities.

WADA’s strategic objectives serve to promote the integrity and value of sport and youth, promote the ‘level playing field’ philosophy, and act independently, professionally and without bias or influence.

The eight objectives of WADA’s Strategic Plan are:

- Provide comprehensive leadership on current and emerging issues and in the communication of effective strategies and programs in the campaign for doping-free sport.

- Achieve compliance by all anti-doping and international sport organizations with the Code to honor the rights of clean athletes and maintain the integrity of sport.

- Generate universal involvement of public authorities and public leaders in the campaign against doping in sport, and in particular encourage national laws to allow the sharing of evidence gathered or collected through investigations and inquiries by appropriate bodies.

- Promote an international framework for education programs that instill the values of doping-free sport.

- Promote universal awareness of the ethical aspects and health, legal and social consequences of doping so that stakeholders use that knowledge in their interaction with and education of athletes to prevent doping, protect health and the integrity of sport.

- Implement an international scientific research program and foster an international scientific research environment and expert network that monitors and predicts trends in doping science and actively promotes reliable research outcomes in the effective development, improvement and implementation of detection methods.

- Lead, assist and perform oversight so that every accredited anti-doping laboratory performs at a level consistent with international standards.

- Be a respected organization whose corporate governance and operating standards reflect international best practice.

Strategic Plan 2015-2019 / World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). - Montreal : WADA, 2014

Contents

1. Foreword
2. Vision, Mission and Values
3. Summary of Strategic Objectives
4. Summary of Strategic Objectives

Strategic Plan 2020-2024 / World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). - Montreal : WADA, 2020

The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has published its Five-Year Strategic Plan, which lays the foundation for WADA’s strategic activity for 2020-2024 as the Agency is ‘Leading Anti-Doping in a New Era’.

The Strategic Plan was agreed by WADA’s Executive Committee (ExCo) when they met virtually on 15 May 2020; and, was subsequently approved unanimously by the Agency’s Foundation Board by circulatory vote.

Our journey of reflection and discovery

In May 2019, WADA initiated development of the Strategic Plan with a commitment to soliciting feedback from key stakeholders within the anti-doping ecosystem; such as: athletes; representatives of the Sports Movement and Governments of the world; industry influencers; as well as, National Anti-Doping Organizations and WADA-accredited laboratories. The feedback acknowledged how much WADA had achieved over its 20-year history; how the Agency’s growth had helped spur on the global movement for doping-free sport; and, it also identified a number of areas where WADA could improve or focus more.

The Strategic Priorities

WADA defined the following Strategic Priorities, which address the key issues and challenges identified via our internal and external consultation:

- Lead: Lead by example by taking bold steps to proactively tackle emerging issues with agility and innovative solutions across all facets of anti-doping.
- Grow Impact: Expand the reach and impact of anti-doping programs by enhancing capacity building and knowledge sharing between Anti-Doping Organizations and empowering local program delivery.
- Be Athlete-Centered: Engage and empower athletes to contribute to the development of anti-doping policies, build an easier anti-doping journey for athletes, and increase the contribution that our programs deliver for athletes and their entourage so that they can build healthy and sustainable careers in sport.
- Collaborate and Unite: Engage and collaborate with everyone involved in anti-doping, in particular with the sports movement and public authorities, to increase support, unity and coherence in everyone’s efforts.
- Be Visible: Raise awareness and shape a proactive narrative that will demonstrate the positive impact of doping-free sport and WADA’s role.
- Perform: Provide greater value to our stakeholders by reducing operational complexities and maximizing impact and cost-effectiveness.