Long-term testosterone gel (AndroGel) treatment maintains beneficial effects on sexual function and mood, lean and fat mass, and bone mineral density in hypogonadal men / Christina Wang, Glenn Cunningham, Adrian Dobs, Ali Iranmanesh, Alvin M. Matsumoto, Peter J. Snyder, Thomas Weber, Nancy Berman, Laura Hull, Ronald S. Swerdloff. - (The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 89 (2004) 5 (1 May); p. 2085-2098)

• PMID: 15126525
• DOI: 10.1210/jc.2003-032006

Abstract

Transdermal testosterone (T) delivery represents an effective alternative to injectable androgens. We studied 163 hypogonadal men who applied 5, 7.5, or 10 g AndroGel (T gel) 1% CIII per day for up to 42 months. Efficacy data were presented in 123 subjects considered evaluable. Continuous AndroGel treatment normalized mean serum T and free T levels. Mean serum 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone concentrations and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone/T ratio slightly increased, mean serum estradiol/T ratio doubled, and mean serum FSH and LH levels were suppressed by T replacement. Sexual function and mood parameters improved rapidly and were maintained throughout T treatment. Lean body mass increased (P = 0.0001) and fat mass decreased (P = 0.0001), and these changes were maintained with treatment but were not accompanied by significant increases in muscle strength. Increases in serum bone markers suggestive of increased bone formation were followed by gradual and progressive increases in bone mineral density more in the spine (P = 0.0001) than the hip (P = 0.0004). Mild local skin irritation occurred in 12 subjects, resulting in discontinuation in only one subject. Except for the anticipated increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin, there were no clinically significant changes in blood counts or biochemistry. In three subjects with elevated serum prostate-specific antigen, prostate biopsies showed cancer. We conclude that continued application of AndroGel resulted in beneficial effects similar to those with injectables and other transdermal preparations. This study was neither placebo controlled nor powered to determine the effects of T treatment on prostate cancer risk. Thus, monitoring for prostatic disease and assessment for erythrocytosis are strongly advised to reduce the risk of adverse events with T treatment of hypogonadal men.

WADA Statistics 2003 : Overview of results reported by the 31
IOC/WADA-accredited Laboratories / WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency). - Montreal : WADA, 2004

Intensiteit, frequentie en volume : een meta-analyse / Bart Coumans. - (Krachttraining (2004) 5 (mei) p. 10-12)

In de farmaceutische wereld wordt veel aandacht besteed aan dosis-effect relaties van medicijnen. Als je van een bepaald medicijn zoveel inneemt dan staat min of meer vast wat het heilzame effect daarvan is op een bepaalde klacht of ziekte. Als je sportbeoefening ook als een soort medicijn beschouwt – en daar zijn trouwens goede redenen voor – dan zou je ook van dit soort dosis-effect relaties kunnen vaststellen. Een bepaalde hoeveelheid training (dosis) geeft namelijk een bepaalde hoeveelheid trainingsresultaat (effect), bijvoorbeeld toename in spierkracht. Hoe die relatie precies ligt is belangrijke informatie voor krachttrainers en fitnessinstructeurs. Rhea en medewerkers zochten de dosis-effect relatie uit voor krachttraining door middel van een zogenaamde meta-analyse en waarbij gekeken werd naar intensiteit, frequentie en volume.

Anti Doping Danmark Årsberetning 2003 annual report / Anti-Doping Denmark (ADD). - Brøndby : ADD, 2004

Indholl
Forord 2
Anti Doping Danmark's formål 4
Højdepunkter 6
Dopingkontroller 8
Dopingsager 10
Uddannelse of information om kontrol 14
Kvalitetssikring 16
Opgaver i 2004 17
Internationalt 18
Forskning 22
Oplysning om doping 26
Anti-doping Pris 2002 32
Økonomi 33
ADD og evaulering 34

Contents
Preface 3
The Anti-Doping Denmark's objectives 5
Highlights 7
Doping controls and doping infractions 12
Education and information about control 15
Quality Control 16
Task in 2004 17
International 20
Research 24
Information on Doping 28
Anti-Doping Award 2002 32
Budget 33
ADD and evaluation 35

Annual Report 2003 United States Anti-Doping Agency / United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA). - Colorado Springs : USADA, 2004

World Anti-Doping Agency 2003 annual report / World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). - Montreal : WADA, 2004

Contents
01 Message from the Chairman: Richard Pound
03 Message from the Director General: David Howman
05 Review: 2003 World Conference on Doping in Sport
07 UNESCO Convention
08 Regional Offices Report
09 Independent Observer Program
10 Stakeholder Outreach
11 Athlete Outreach
13 Science and Research
17 Out-of-Competition Testing Program
19 Anti-Doping Administration and Management System (ADAMS)
20 Management Report
21 Funding Report
22 Finance Report

Conseil de Prévention et de Lutte contre le Dopage (CPLD): 1999-2003 Rapport d’activité

I. La création du Conseil de Prévention et de Lutte contre le Dopage donne une nouvelle dimension à la politique de prévention et de lutte contre le dopage 4
I.1. Le Conseil de Prévention et de Lutte contre le Dopage, une institution indépendante 5
I.2. Le Conseil de Prévention et de Lutte contre le Dopage et la lutte contre le dopage : ses missions disciplinaires et son pouvoir d’avis, de recommandation et de prescription 7
I.2.1. Les compétences disciplinaires 7
I.2.2. Le pouvoir d’avis, de recommandation et de prescription 10
I.3. Le Conseil de Prévention et de Lutte contre le Dopage et la protection de la santé des sportifs 12
I.3.1. La prévention du dopage 13
I.3.2. La recherche en matière de médecine du sport et de dopage 17
II. Un état des lieux du dopage en demi-teinte 22
II.1. Un constat statistique à nuancer 22
II.1.1. Une augmentation des contrôles « positifs » 22
II.1.2. Une meilleure appréhension des chiffres du dopage 23
II.2. L’amélioration du suivi des affaires disciplinaires 24
II.2.1. Les fédérations sportives assument leur responsabilité dans la lutte contre le dopage 24
II.2.2. Des progrès restent à accomplir 25
II.3. L’insuffisante présence d’acteurs essentiels dans la prévention du dopage 27
III. Des propositions dans le souci d’être constructif 29
III.1. Éliminer les anomalies de la liste des substances dopantes 29
III.2. Redéfinir la politique des contrôles antidopage 33
III.2.1. L’organisation des contrôles 34
III.2.2. La détection de substances dopantes 36
III.3. Attribuer au Laboratoire national de dépistage du dopage les moyens nécessaires à ses missions 38
III.4. Améliorer l’organisation et l’exploitation du suivi médical et biologique 39
III.4.1. La mise en place du suivi médical et biologique 39
III.4.2. Les interrogations relatives à l’exploitation du suivi 40
III.5. Le poids de l’environnement international et du contexte européen 41
III.5.1. Un environnement en pleine mutation 41
III.5.2. Vers la définition de nouvelles solutions institutionnelles 42
Annexes 45

Finnish Anti-Doping Agency annual report 2003 / FINADA

ANNUAL REPORT 2003
Chairman’s review 4
Administration 6
FINADA’s meetings 6
The Board 6
Supervisory Group of FINADA 6
Working groups 6
Offi ce 6
Doping control 7
Testing 7
Quality system 7
Antidoping Passport and
management system 7
Education 8
International activities 8
World Anti-Doping Agency WADA 8
UNESCO – the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 9
Council of Europe 9
Association of National Anti-Doping Organizations ANADO 9
International Anti-Doping Arrangement IADA 9
Nordic co-operation 9
Communications 10
Antidoping code and legislation 11
Research 12
On-going projects 12
Finances 13
Key events during the fi nancial year 13
An estimate of future development 13
Appendices 14
appendix 1 Organisation and staff 14
appendix 2 Statistics on doping control 15
appendix 3 Publications 16
appendix 4 Education provided by FINADA 17
appendix 5 International activities 18
appendix 6 Income statement and Balance sheet 20

This case presents as one of first impression in some respects, and arose out of a series of events which led to the discovery of a new, previously unknown, so called “designer” anabolic steroid agent (THG, tetrahydrogestrinone) which might be used by athletes in a variety of sports to enhance performance.

The accredited Testing Laboratory at UCLA conducted extensive validation tests on the newly developed confirmation test for THG. The Laboratory did extensive work to confirm its reliability, stability and repeatability in testing urine specimens for THG.

Finally, the confirmation tests on all three A specimens of the athlete Melissa Price took place in mid-September 2003, and the results reported to USADA on September 23, 2003. All three specimens showed the presence of THG. On November 8, 2003, a confirmation test was done on the athlete’s B specimen. The test confirmed the presence of THG.
Melissa Price had been tested four times prior to June 2003, all of which was reported as negative for prohibited substances.

USADA presented uncontradicted evidence through its expert witnesses, both (1) that THG is not and could not be an endogenous substance; and (2) that the kinds of test done merely to detect the presence of a substance, like THG, are sufficiently different from those which would be used to measure quantities, that no quantitative conclusions can, or should be reached from data resulting from a qualitative analysis.

The North American Court of Arbitration for Sports Panel finds that USADA has met its burden to establish the presence of THG in the specimens provided by Melissa Price, and that she has committed a doping violation. The presence of THG in an athlete does not appear to be possible from any sort of mistake or error, such as by reason of ingesting a food supplement, as the product is not approved by the FDA and cannot be purchased for any lawful purpose. Use of such a powerful anabolic steroid could be for no other purpose than to enhance an athlete’s performance in violation of the spirit and absolute proscriptions of the IAAF doping rules. This is not a case of possible negligence and, indeed, the Athlete did not raise any such claim. Therefore, Melissa Price shall be ineligible to compete for a period of two (2) years from the day of the commencement of the hearing, to and including April 15, 2006.
In addition Melissa Price shall also be ineligible and shall not be entitled to any award or addition to her trust fund for which she qualified as a result of her performance at the Nationals, or thereafter.

USADA had sought imposition of a blanket four year period of ineligibility for all competition. The Panel was unable to find any guidance in the Rules of the IAAF, such as do exist in the rules of some other international sports federations, as to factors which should be considered in imposing a sanction should a doping violation be established. Hence the Panel was left to its own considerations, in light of the evidence submitted by the parties.

This case against John McEwen arose out of a series of events which led to the discovery of an new anabolic steroid designed to be undetectable with the then state of testing. It was argued and alleged the newly designed anabolic steroid was intended to be used by athletes in a variety of sports to enhance performance.

The confirmation test on the athlete’s A sample, for THG, took place on September 16, 2003, and the positive THG results were reported to USADA, 2003. The A sample additionally showed the presence of Modafinil on September 24th and 25th, 2003, as reported to USADA on September 26, 2003. On October 21, 2003, a confirmation test was done on the athlete’s B specimen. That test confirmed the presence of Modafinil an THG.
John McEwen had been tested ten times prior to June 2003, all of which were reported as negative for prohibited substances.

USADA presented uncontradicted evidence, both (1) that THG is not and could not be an endogenous substance; and (2) that the kinds of test done merely to detect the presence of a substance, like THG, are sufficiently different from those which would be used to measure quantitative conclusions can, or should be reached from data resulting from a qualitative analysis

The North American Court of Arbitration for Sport Panel finds that USADA has met its burden to establish the presence of THG and Modafinil in the sample provided by John McEwen, and that he has committed an doping violation.
As noted THG is not endogenous to the human body. The use of THG by the athlete can be for no other purpose than to enhance his performance in violation of the spirit and absolute proscriptions of the IAAF doping rules. This is not a supplement contamination issue, nor a case of negligence, it is a willful act by the athlete.
Therefore John McEwen shall be ineligible to compete for a period of two (2) years from the date of the commencement of the hearing, to and include April 19, 2006.
In addition John McEwen shall also be ineligible and shall not be entitled to any award or addition to his trust fund for which he qualified as a result of his performance at the Nationals, or thereafter.