Fight against doping in sport : statistical data 2010 / Anti-Doping Authority Portugal. - Lisbon : Autoridade Antidopagem de Portugal (ADoP), 2011

Presentation of the results of the National Anti-Doping Program 2011 / Anti-Doping Authority Portugal. - Lisbon : Autoridade Antidopagem de Portugal (ADoP), 2012

National Anti-Doping Program activities in 2012 / Anti-Doping Authority Portugal. - Lisbon : Autoridade Antidopagem de Portugal (ADoP), 2013

Contents:

1. Nota Introdutória
2. Programa Nacional Antidopagem
3. Violações de Normas Antidopagem
4. Autorizações de Utilização Terapêutica
5. Programa Informativo e Educacional
6. Cooperação Internacional
7. Sistemas de Gestão da Qualidade
8. Conselho Nacional Antidopagem
9. Financiamento
10. Recursos humanos

National Anti-Doping Program activities in 2013 / Anti-Doping Authority Portugal. - Lisbon : Autoridade Antidopagem de Portugal (ADoP), 2014

Contents:

1. Nota Introdutória
2. Programa Nacional Antidopagem
3. Violações de Normas Antidopagem
4. Autorizações de Utilização Terapêutica
5. Programa Informativo e Educacional
6. Cooperação Internacional
7. Sistemas de Gestão da Qualidade
8. Conselho Nacional Antidopagem
9. Financiamento
10. Recursos humanos

Fight against doping in sport : statistical data 2014 / Anti-Doping Authority Portugal. - Lisbon : Autoridade Antidopagem de Portugal (ADoP), 2015

Presentation of the 2015 results / Anti-Doping Authority Portugal. - Lisbon : Autoridade Antidopagem de Portugal (ADoP), 2016

Hoffman JR, Kraemer WJ, Bhasin S, Storer T, Ratamess NA, Haff GG, Willoughby DS, Rogol AD. Position stand on androgen and human growth hormone use. J Strength Cond Res. 2009 Aug;23(5 Suppl):S1-S59.

Positive and negative side effects of androgen abuse. The HAARLEM study : A one-year prospective cohort study in 100 men / Diederik L. Smit, Madelon M. Buijs, Olivier de Hon, Martin den Heijer, Willem de Ronde. - (Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports (2020) 10 October); p. 1-12).

• PMID: 33038020
• DOI: 10.1111/sms.13843

Abstract

An estimated 4-6% of fitness center visitors uses anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS). Reliable data about adverse reactions of AAS are scarce. The HAARLEM study aimed to provide insight into the positive and negative effects of AAS use. One hundred men (≥18 years) who intended to start an AAS cycle on short notice were included for follow-up. Clinic visits took place before (T0 ), at the end (T1 ), and three months after the end of the AAS cycle (T2 ), and one year after the start of the cycle (T3 ), and comprised a medical history, physical examination, laboratory analysis, and psychological questionnaires. During the follow-up period, four subjects reported a serious adverse event, that is, congestive heart failure, acute pancreatitis, suicidal ideation, and exacerbation of ulcerative colitis. All subjects reported positive side effects during AAS use, mainly increased strength (100%), and every subject reported at least one negative health effect. Most common were fluid retention (56%) and agitation (36%) during the cycle, and decreased libido (58%) after the cycle. Acne and gynecomastia were observed in 28% and 19%. Mean alanine transaminase (ALT) and creatinine increased 18.7 U/l and 4.7 µmol/L, respectively. AAS dose and cycle duration were not associated with the type and severity of side effects. After one-year follow-up (T3 ), the prevalence of observed effects had returned to baseline. There was no significant change in total scores of questionnaires investigating wellbeing, quality of life, and depression. In conclusion, all subjects experienced positive effects during AAS use. Four subjects experienced a serious adverse event. Other side effects were mostly anticipated, mild, and transient.

Positief! Hoe een profvoetballer de fout in ging. (Dutch title)

On 16 April 2010, after the match Fortuna Sittard - Veendam, elite football player Sven Verdonck tested positive on the prohibited substance stanozolol. He directly admitted the use of doping. In this video he gives a reasoning for his actions.

The video isn't available on the internet. If you want to obtain a personal link to watch to video, email the Dopingautoriteit: dopingvragen@dopingautoriteit.nl.

The video is part of the 100% Dope Free campaign, an initiative set up to strengthen the anti-doping mentality of Dutch elite and talented athletes. The campaign is a combined initiative of the Dopingautoriteit and the NOC*NSF Athletes' Commission.

Post-cycle therapy for performance and image enhancing drug users : A qualitative investigation / Scott Griffiths, Richard Henshaw, Fiona H. McKay, Matthew Dunn. - (Performance Enhancement & Health 5 (2017) 3 (March); p. 103-107)

• DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2016.11.002

Abstract:

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic forms of the hormone testosterone and their non-medical use is related to increased muscle size, muscle mass, and strength. A primary concern regarding exogenous AAS use is its potential to suppress endogenous (natural) testosterone production. In response, some users seek out substances to use post-cycle to mitigate problems associated with the resumption of endogenous testosterone production. This study sought to understand issues related to post-cycle therapy (PCT) among a sample of performance and image enhancing drugs (PIED) users in Australia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 participants (n = 24 male) who reported the use of a range of performance and image enhancing drugs (PIEDs), including AAS, human chorionic gonadotropin, growth hormone, clenbuterol, tamoxifen, insulin, and peptides. Interviews were conducted in person or by telephone, recorded, and transcribed. Data were analysed following a process of thematic analysis. Three themes emerged: (1) access to PCT; (2) maintenance of gains, maintenance of health; and (3) PCT and links to mental health. Steroids were seen as easier to access than PCT; as such, participants tended to continue to use steroids rather than taper down their use, leading to health concerns. Participants wanted access to PCT for several reasons, including minimising any loss of muscle or strength gained through their PIED cycle; because they were concerned that they were no longer naturally producing hormones; or because they were concerned about their mental health, particularly when coming ‘off cycle’, and the need for PCT to help adjust. This study contributes to the existing literature suggesting that PCT may act as a harm reduction measure, allowing PIED users to safely reduce or cease steroid use or to address any negative effects from use, particularly those related to mental health.