In September 2019, United Kingdom Anti-Doping (UKAD) was informed by Law Enforcement that the rugby player Christopher Mayor was involved in the use and traffic of 72iu Lilly Pen, i.e. Human Growth Hormone (hGH).

After notification in November 2019 a provisional suspension was ordered and the Athlete was heard by UKAD. The Athlete confirmed that in the captured Facebook messages he had been interested in the purchase of hGH. Thereupon the case was referred to the National Anti-Doping Panel (NADP).

The Athlete denied that he ever had possessed, used or trafficked any prohibited substance. He only acknowledged that in the Facebook messages he had shown his interest in the purchase of hGH to assist his father suffering from a knee injury. He was aware that hGH is a prohibited substance whereas he alleged that this attempt occurred in a context unrelated to sport enhancement.

The RFU acknowledged that there was no evidence that the Athlete indeed had purchased hGH. Yet, the Athlete's Facebook messages addressed to the other person showed that he attempted to purchase hGH. He asked for a specific product 72iu Lilly Pen that won't easy surface in a brief internet research. Further he had a longstanding relationship with the other person and he had just started pre-season training with a new club while he had to improve his level of fitness.

In view of the Facebook messages the Panel does not accept that the Athlete indeed had purchased 72iu Lilly Pen nor that the trafficking of the substance had been established. The Panel however concludes that the Athlete took substantial steps in his attempts to use and traffick the prohibited substance.

Therefore the National Anti-Doping Panel deems on 20 May 2022 that the Athlete had committed anti-doping rule violations in his attempt to use and traffick a prohibited substance.

Following the written submissions of the parties on sanction the National Anti-Doping Panel decides on 22 June 2022 to impose a 4 year period of ineligibility on the Athlete, starting on the date of the provisional suspension, i.e. on 8 November 2021.

Minderjarigen en het antidopingbeleid – deel 2 / H. Ram

• Tijdschrift voor Sport & Recht (2022) 1, p. 1-10
  
  

In dit tweede deel van dit artikel wordt de jurisprudentie inzake door minderjarige sporters begane dopingovertredingen besproken. Daarbij wordt eerst onderzocht hoe de regels in de Wereld Anti-Doping Code (WADC) die specifiek betrekking heeft op minderjarige sporters, inclusief de specifieke regels die het verloop van dopingcontroles bij minderjarige sporters beheersen, worden toegepast. Vervolgens wordt onderzocht hoe minderjarigheid wordt meegewogen en welke factoren daarbij een rol spelen, in het bijzonder bij het bepalen van de strafmaat. Het artikel sluit af met enige conclusies en een jurisprudentieoverzicht.

Effect of testosterone supplementation with and without a dual 5α-reductase inhibitor on fat-free mass in men with suppressed testosterone production : a randomized controlled trial / Shalender Bhasin, Thomas G. Travison, Thomas W Storer, Kishore Lakshman, Manas Kaushik, Norman A. Mazer, Ahn-Hoa Ngyuen, Maithili N. Davda, Hernan Jara, Adam Aakil, Stephan Anderson, Philip E. Knapp, Samson Hanka, Nurahmed Mohammed, Pierre Daou, Renee Miciek, Jagadish Ulloor, Anqi Zhang, Brad Brooks, Katie Orwoll, Leife Hede-Brierley, Richard Eder, Ayan Elmi, Geeta Bhasin, Lauren Collins, Ravinder Singh, Shehzad Basaria

• Journal of the American Medical Association 307 (2012) 9 (7 March), p. 931-939
• PMID: 22396515
• PMCID: PMC6035750
• DOI: 10.1001/jama.2012.227

Abstract

Context: Steroid 5α-reductase inhibitors are used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and androgenic alopecia, but the role of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in mediating testosterone's effects on muscle, sexual function, erythropoiesis, and other androgen-dependent processes remains poorly understood.

Objective: To determine whether testosterone's effects on muscle mass, strength, sexual function, hematocrit level, prostate volume, sebum production, and lipid levels are attenuated when its conversion to DHT is blocked by dutasteride (an inhibitor of 5α-reductase type 1 and 2).

Design, setting, and patients: The 5α-Reductase Trial was a randomized controlled trial of healthy men aged 18 to 50 years comparing placebo plus testosterone enthanate with dutasteride plus testosterone enanthate from May 2005 through June 2010.

Interventions: Eight treatment groups received 50, 125, 300, or 600 mg/wk of testosterone enanthate for 20 weeks plus placebo (4 groups) or 2.5 mg/d of dutasteride (4 groups).

Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was change in fat-free mass; secondary outcomes: changes in fat mass, muscle strength, sexual function, prostate volume, sebum production, and hematocrit and lipid levels.

Results: A total of 139 men were randomized; 102 completed the 20-week intervention. Men assigned to dutasteride were similar at baseline to those assigned to placebo. The mean fat-free mass gained by the dutasteride groups was 0.6 kg (95% CI, -0.1 to 1.2 kg) when receiving 50 mg/wk of testosterone enanthate, 2.6 kg (95% CI, 0.9 to 4.3 kg) for 125 mg/wk, 5.8 kg (95% CI, 4.8 to 6.9 kg) for 300 mg/wk, and 7.1 kg (95% CI, 6.0 to 8.2 kg) for 600 mg/wk. The mean fat-free mass gained by the placebo groups was 0.8 kg (95% CI, -0.1 to 1.7 kg) when receiving 50 mg/wk of testosterone enanthate, 3.5 kg (95% CI, 2.1 to 4.8 kg) for 125 mg/wk, 5.7 kg (95% CI, 4.8 to 6.5 kg) for 300 mg/wk, and 8.1 kg (95% CI, 6.7 to 9.5 kg) for 600 mg/wk. The dose-adjusted differences between the dutasteride and placebo groups for fat-free mass were not significant (P = .18). Changes in fat mass, muscle strength, sexual function, prostate volume, sebum production, and hematocrit and lipid levels did not differ between groups.

Conclusion: Changes in fat-free mass in response to graded testosterone doses did not differ in men in whom DHT was suppressed by dutasteride from those treated with placebo, indicating that conversion of testosterone to DHT is not essential for mediating its anabolic effects on muscle.

Older men are as responsive as young men to the anabolic effects of graded doses of testosterone on the skeletal muscle / Shalender Bhasin, Linda Woodhouse, Richard Casaburi, Atam B. Singh, Ricky Phong Mac, Martin Lee, Kevin E. Yarasheski, Indrani Sinha-Hikim, Connie Dzekov, Jeanne Dzekov, Lynne Magliano, Thomas W. Storer

• Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 90 (2005) 2 (1 February), p. 678-688
• PMID: 15562020
• DOI: 10.1210/jc.2004-1184

Abstract

Although testosterone levels and muscle mass decline with age, many older men have serum testosterone level in the normal range, leading to speculation about whether older men are less sensitive to testosterone. We determined the responsiveness of androgen-dependent outcomes to graded testosterone doses in older men and compared it to that in young men. The participants in this randomized, double-blind trial were 60 ambulatory, healthy, older men, 60-75 yr of age, who had normal serum testosterone levels. Their responses to graded doses of testosterone were compared with previous data in 61 men, 19-35 yr old. The participants received a long-acting GnRH agonist to suppress endogenous testosterone production and 25, 50, 125, 300, or 600 mg testosterone enanthate weekly for 20 wk. Fat-free mass, fat mass, muscle strength, sexual function, mood, visuospatial cognition, hormone levels, and safety measures were evaluated before, during, and after treatment. Of 60 older men who were randomized, 52 completed the study. After adjusting for testosterone dose, changes in serum total testosterone (change, -6.8, -1.9, +16.1, +49.5, and +101.9 nmol/liter at 25, 50, 125, 300, and 600 mg/wk, respectively) and hemoglobin (change, -3.6, +9.9, +20.9, +12.6, and +29.4 g/liter at 25, 50, 125, 300, and 600 mg/wk, respectively) levels were dose-related in older men and significantly greater in older men than young men (each P < 0.0001). The changes in FFM (-0.3, +1.7, +4.2, +5.6, and +7.3 kg, respectively, in five ascending dose groups) and muscle strength in older men were correlated with testosterone dose and concentrations and were not significantly different in young and older men. Changes in fat mass correlated inversely with testosterone dose (r = -0.54; P < 0.001) and were significantly different in young vs. older men (P < 0.0001); young men receiving 25- and 50-mg doses gained more fat mass than older men (P < 0.0001). Mood and visuospatial cognition did not change significantly in either group. Frequency of hematocrit greater than 54%, leg edema, and prostate events were numerically higher in older men than in young men. Older men are as responsive as young men to testosterone's anabolic effects; however, older men have lower testosterone clearance rates, higher increments in hemoglobin, and a higher frequency of adverse effects. Although substantial gains in muscle mass and strength can be realized in older men with supraphysiological testosterone doses, these high doses are associated with a high frequency of adverse effects. The best trade-off was achieved with a testosterone dose (125 mg) that was associated with high normal testosterone levels, low frequency of adverse events, and significant gains in fat-free mass and muscle strength.

iNADO Update (2022) 07 (11 July)
Institute of National Anti-Doping Organisations (iNADO)

Contents:

iNADO Community

• iNADO 2022 Workshop
• National Integrity Framework - Sport Integrity Australia
• Partnership for Clean Competition Podcast

Bulletin Board

• iNADO Member-Only Webinar: AFLD’s Compliance with the World Anti-Doping Code: Challenges and Achievements
• iNADO Welcomes Adoption of a Declaration of 'Guiding Principles for the Future of Anti-Doping'
• Uneven Accountability in Anti-Doping: The Role of Socio-Economic and Political Factors Unobserved in the Current System
• Jeremy Roubin, Secretary General of AFLD

Science

• Optimizing detection of erythropoietin receptor agonists from dried blood spots for anti-doping application

Practical Development in Anti-Doping

• Swiss Sport Integrity creates 'Parents' Forum'

Feature of the Month

• WADA Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) Symposium

iNADO Partners & Sponsors

• New at the Anti-Doping Knowledge Center

In October 2019 the National Doping Control Commission of Chile (CNCD) has reported an anti-doping rule violation against the football player Matias Sepulveda Méndez for tampering with any part of doping control.

After notification a provisional suspension was ordered. The Athlete filed a statement in his defence and he was heard for the Disciplinary Panel of the Tribunal de Expertos en Dopaje (TED).

The Doping Control Officer (DCO) reported that on 1 September 2019 after notification the player did not report to the Doping Control Station straight from the pitch as soon as the match was over. Instead he went into a dressing room and stayed there, without supervision of the DCO, for 5 to 10 minutes behind a closed door. Hereafter the Athlete complied and he was submitted to sample collection.

The Athlete denied the violation, requested for a reduced sanction and asserted that over the years he was tested before without issues. He testified with evidence that after the notification he went to the dressing room to get his identity card. Yet, the team coach entered, closed the door of the dressing room and gave technical instructions to his team regarding the match. Thereupon he immediately went to the Doping Control Station.

Based on the evidence in this case the Panel established that the Athlete indeed failed to report immediately to the Doping Control Station. However because of the circumstances the Panel concludes that he acted without significant fault or negligence.

Therefore the TED Disciplinary Panel decides on 5 May 2020 to impose a warning on the Athlete.

In March 2017 the National Doping Control Commission of Chile (CNCD) has reported an anti-doping rule violation against the surfer María Jesus Barrios Porzio after her sample tested positive for the prohibited substance Cannabis in a concentration above the WADA threshold.

After notification a provisional suspension was ordered. The Athlete filed a statement in her defence and she was heard for the Disciplinary Panel of the Tribunal de Expertos en Dopaje (TED).

The Athlete admitted the violation and denied the intentional use of the substance. She explained that she underwent medical treatment for her condition and that the use of a prescribed antidepressant effected her sports performance. As alternative her doctor recommended the out-of-competition use of concentrated Cannabis drops.

The Panel finds that the presence of a prohibited substance had been established in the Athlete's sample and accordingly that she committed an anti-doping rule violation.

The Panel concludes that the violation was not intentional and  occurred out-of-competition in a context unrelated to sport performance.

Therefore the TED Disciplinary Panel decides on 20 October 2017 to impose a 10 month period of ineligibility on the Athlete, starting on the date of the provisional suspension, i.e. on 20 March 2017.

In March 2017 the National Doping Control Commission of Chile (CNCD) has reported an anti-doping rule violation against the swimmer Carlos Haroldo Muñoz Aedo after his 2 samples tested positive for the prohibited substance Methylhexaneamine (dimethylpentylamine).

After notification a provisional suspension was ordered. The Athlete filed a statement in his defence and he was heard for the Disciplinary Panel of the Tribunal de Expertos en Dopaje (TED).

The Athlete admitted the violation and denied the intentional use of the substance. He acknowledged that he had purchased and used a product while he was unaware that it contained a prohibited substance and he had failed to check this product before using.

The Panel finds that the presence of a prohibited substance had been established in his samples and accordingly that he committed an anti-doping rule violation. The Panel deems that the violation was not intentional without grounds for a further reduction of the sanction.

Therefore the TED Disciplinary Panel decides on 20 October 2017 to impose 2 year period of ineligibility on the Athlete, starting on the date of the provisional suspension, i.e. on 20 March 2017.

In July 2017 the National Doping Control Commission of Chile (CNCD) has reported two anti-doping rule violation against the Athlete Roberto Andrés Tello Bolvaran after his samples, collected in April and in May 2017, tested positive for the prohibited substance Testosterone and its metabolites.

After notification a provisional suspension was ordered. The Athlete filed a statement in his defence, supported by evidence and expert witnesses and attended the hearing of the Disciplinary Panel of the Tribunal de Expertos en Dopaje (TED).

At first the Athlete could not explain the test result while anaylisis of his supplements revealed no prohibited substances. Thereupon he established that the skin cream used by his kinesiologist contained Testosterone. The kinesiologist testified and confirmed the use of the cream and that the Athlete was unaware it contained a prohibited substance.

The Panel accepts the evidence and the explanations of the Athlete and witnesses and concludes that the Athlete acted without fault or negligence. Therefore the TED Disciplinary Panel decides on 10 October 2017 to acquit the Athlete.

In March 2017 the National Doping Control Commission of Chile (CNCD) has reported an anti-doping rule violation against the weightlifter Alberto Paolo Crocco Araya after his sample tested positive for the prohibited substances Drostanolone and Stanozolol.

After notification a provisional suspension was ordered. The Athlete filed a statement in his defence and he did not attend the hearing of the Disciplinary Panel of the Tribunal de Expertos en Dopaje (TED).

The Athlete denied the charges, was retired since 2014 and questioned the reliability of the test result. He disputed the circumstances during the sample collection, the procedural errors during the notification and the missed opportunity to test the B-sample.

The Panel finds that the presence of prohibited substances had been established in the Athlete's sample and accordingly that he committed an anti-doping rule violation.

The Panel deems that the asserted irregularities can not explain the presence of the prohibited substances in his sample without any grounds for a reduced sanction.

Therefore the TED Disciplinary Panel decides on 10 October 2017 to impose a 4 year period of ineligibility on the Athlete, starting on the date of the provisional suspension, i.e. on 3 March, 2017